美国制裁——美国财政部对伊朗和俄罗斯的制裁更新

伊朗

美国国务院已宣布，将针对与大规模杀伤性武器（WMD）扩散有关的“伊朗主要航运和航空实体”实施制裁。美国国务院根据第13382号行政命令，将伊朗伊斯兰共和国航运公司（IRISL）及其位于中国的子公司E-Sail Shipping Company Ltd.列为制裁目标，第13382号行政命令针对大规模杀伤性武器扩散者、其运输系统以及其支持者。

IRISL和E-Sail之前已被列入SDN制裁名单，但第13382号行政命令的附加制裁针对的是向伊朗运送人道主义物资行为。根据美国国务院新闻发布会消息，“为给向伊朗运输人道主义货物（包括农产品、食品、药品、医疗器械）的出口商足够的时间来寻找替代运输方式，当局将对IRISL和E-Sail的附加制裁设置短暂的缓冲期”，相关行为将需要在2020年6月8日之前停止。

为规避制裁风险，提醒美国及非美国会员注意，应当确保与IRISL和/或E-Sail之间的交易在2020年6月8日之前完成，即便是向伊朗出售农产品、食品、药品或医疗器械的贸易。

运往伊朗的金属产品

美国国务院于2019年12月16日发布公告，提醒全球的个人和实体注意美国对向伊朗转让或出口石墨电极和针状焦的相关方实施制裁的风险。石墨电极和针状焦都是伊朗钢铁工业的必备材料。即使终端用户不是伊朗钢铁产业，制裁风险仍然存在。关键在于，从事这种产品转让或出口的个人和实体，不论其国籍或所在地，都将面临制裁风险。

俄罗斯

根据第13818号行政命令，外国资产管制处（OFAC）将Latvian公民Ventspils市市长Aivars Lembergs，及其控制的四家总部设在Latvia的实体列入SDN制裁名单。它们是：

· Ventspils Freeport Authority * UPDATE - delisted as an SDN December 19, 2019（更新：2019年12月19日解除制裁）

· Attistibas Agentura (别称 Ventspils Development Agency),

· Biznesa Attistibas Asociacija (别称 Business Development Association), 以及

· Latvijas Tranzita Biznesa Asociacija (别称 Latvian Transit Business Association).

正在停泊或准备停泊在Ventspils的会员应特别注意，其中一个受制裁的实体正是Ventspils Freeport Authority。根据OFAC的行政命令，这就导致在该港口停靠以及向该港口当局支付款项的行为将违反美国制裁。

缓冲期

根据OFAC签发的一般许可证，对与Ventspils进行的贸易设置30天缓冲期（即截止至美国东部标准时间2020年1月8日上午12时01分）。据美国律师事务所Freehill, Hogan & Mahar消息称，缓冲期被广泛理解为“适用于美国和非美国公民/实体”。关于缓冲期，准备停靠Ventspils的会员应注意：

1. 停靠Ventspils所依照的合同必须是在制裁实施之前签订的；

2. 在缓冲期结束后付给港口的款项（即使该停泊是在缓冲期结束前）也可能是违反制裁的。

缓冲期结束后

自2020年1月8日起，美国个人/实体在没有取得授权或豁免的情况下禁止参与涉及Ventspils Freeport Authority的任何交易。此外，任何在缓冲期结束后向Ventspils Freeport Authority提供‘物质’援助、货物或服务的个人/实体，包括非美国会员，都可能会受到制裁。正如Freehill’s充分阐明的那样，由于OFAC没有明确说明，我们不能认定与Ventspils Freeport Authority的贸易是无风险的。

更多问题及进一步指导

如果会员希望就上述任何方面或其他总体制裁情况的任何问题进行讨论或获得额外指导，或者希望确认涉及到受美国经济制裁的国家（伊朗 & 俄罗斯），或涉及受美国经济制裁的实体和个人（比如OFAC SDN List上指定的实体以及个人）的航次的保险的有效性，请联系：

Daniel A. Tadros,

Chief Legal Officer,

Ph. +1 212 847 4501,

Mob. +1 504 460 7226,

daniel.tadros@american-club.comor

Charles J. Cuccia,

Senior Vice President - Compliance,

Ph. +1 212 847 4539,

Mob. +1 917 215 2883,

charles.cuccia@american-club.com.

通函内容，请以英文原文为准，汉语翻译仅供参考。如您对上述内容有任何疑问，新乔十分乐意为您解答并提供帮助。

US SANCTIONS – US DEPARTMENT OF TREASURY ACTION ON IRAN AND RUSSIA SANCTIONS

IRAN

The US State Department has announced that it is taking action against "key Iranian shipping and aviation entities” linked to the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (WMD). The State Department designated the Islamic Republic of Iran Shipping Lines (IRISL) and its China-based subsidiary, E-Sail Shipping Company Ltd., under Executive Order (EO)13382, which targets proliferators of WMD and their delivery systems, as well as their supporters.

IRISL and E-Sail are already listed on the SDN list, but their additional designation under EO 13382 will have an impact in regard to the shipment of humanitarian goods to Iran. According to the State Department press release, “to allow exporters of humanitarian goods including agricultural commodities, food, medicine, and medical devices to Iran sufficient time to find alternate shipping methods, the designations for IRISL and E-Sail Shipping Company Ltd will have a brief wind-down period” concluding no later than June 8, 2020.

To avoid sanctions risks, US and non-US Members, should ensure that transactions with IRISL and/or E-Sail, even for the sale to Iran of agricultural commodities, food, medicine, or medical devices, are concluded no later than June 8, 2020.

Metal Products to Iran

The US State Department issued an advisory on December 16, 2019 to alert persons and entities globally to US sanctions risks for parties involved in transfers or exports to Iran of graphite electrodes and needle coke, both essential materials for Iran’s steel industry. Sanctions risks may be present even if the intended end-user is NOT in Iran’s steel sector. Importantly, persons and entities engaged in such transfers or exports are at risk regardless of their nationality or location.

RUSSIA

The Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC), under Executive Order 13818, has designated Latvian citizen, Aivars Lembergs, mayor of Ventspils, and four Latvia-based entities under Lembergs’ control, as SDNs. They are:

· Ventspils Freeport Authority * UPDATE - delisted as an SDN December 19, 2019（更新：2019年12月19日解除制裁）

· Attistibas Agentura (别称 Ventspils Development Agency),

· Biznesa Attistibas Asociacija (别称 Business Development Association), 以及

· Latvijas Tranzita Biznesa Asociacija (别称 Latvian Transit Business Association).

Members whose vessels are due to call or who are arranging calls to Ventspils, should be aware that one of the designated entities is Ventspils Freeport Authority. Under the OFAC directive, calls at the Port and payments to the Port Authority may be in breach of US sanctions.

Winding Down Period

Trade with Ventspils is currently permitted for a 30-day period (i.e. until 12:01 am US Eastern Standard Time on 8 January 2020) under an OFAC General License. According to US law firm, Freehill, Hogan & Mahar, this is generally understood “to apply to both US and non-US persons/entities”. With regard to the winding down period, Members calling at Ventspils should be aware that:

1. Any call at Ventspils must actually be pursuant to the winding down of a contract concluded prior to the imposition of sanctions;

2. Payments made to the Port after the end of the winding down period (even if the call was prior to that) may also be a breach of sanctions.

After the End of the Winding Down Period

US persons will be prohibited as of January 8 from engaging in any transaction with Ventspils Freeport Authority absent authorization or exemption. Further, any person, including non-US Members, providing "material" assistance to, or goods or services in support of, Ventspils Freeport Authority beyond the wind-down period risks the imposition of sanctions. As amply stated by Freehill’s, the lack of clarity from OFAC means that trade to Ventspils Freeport cannot be said to be without risk.

Questions and Further Guidance

Should Members have any questions or need additional guidance regarding the above, sanctions in general, or for confirmations as to the availability of cover for voyages involving countries (Iran & Russia), entities and individuals subject to US economic sanctions (designated entities and individuals appearing on the OFAC SDN List), please contact: