英国1906海上保险法中英文对照版
1906海上保险法
海上保险（Marine Insurance）
第1条：海上保险的定义（Marine insurance defined）
A contract of marine insurance is a contract whereby the insurer undertakes to indemnify the assured, in manner and to the extent thereby agreed, against marine losses, that is to say, the losses incident to marine adventure.
海上保险合同，是一种保险人按照约定的方式和范围，对与海上冒险有关的海上灭失，向被保险人承担赔偿责任的合同。
第2条 海陆混合风险 （Mixed sea and land risks）
2.(1) A contract of marine insurance may, by its express terms, or by a usage of trade, be extended so as to protect the assured against losses on inland water or on any land risk which may be incidental to any sea voyage.
(2) Where a ship in course of building, or the launch of a ship, or any adventure analogous to a marine adventure, is covered by a policy in the form of a marine policy, the provisions of this Act, in so far as applicable, shall apply thereto；but, except by this section provided, nothing in this Act shall alter or affect any rule of law applicable to any contract of insurance other than a contract of marine insurance as by this Act defined.
(1)海上保险合同，得用明示条款或经由某种贸易习惯，扩展保障被保险人在与海上航程有关的内河或任何陆地风险中的损失。
(2)如果用海上保险单格式的保险单，承保建造中的船舶，或者船舶下水，或类似海上冒险的任何冒险，本法中的各项规定，只要是可适用者，均得适用之；但除本条规定者外，本法的任何规定，都不能改变或影响任何适用于本法规定的海上保险合同以外的保险合同的法律规定。
第3条 海上冒险与海上危险的定义（Marine adventure and maritime perils defined ）
3.(1) Subject to the provisions of this Act, every lawful marine adventure may be the subject of a contract of marine insurance.
(2) In particular there is a marine adventure where-
(a) Any ship, goods or other movables are exposed to maritime perils. Such property is in the Act referred to as “insurable property.”
(b) The earning or acquisition of any freight, passage money, commission, profit or other pecuniary benefit, or the security for any advances, loans or disbursements, is endangered by the exposure of insurance property to maritime perils.
(c) Any liability to a third party may be incurred by the owner of, or other person interested in or responsible for, insurable property, by reason of maritime perils.
3(1) 受本法规定的制约，每一合法的海上冒险得为海上保险合同的标的。
(2) 特别是以下各项属于海上冒险：
（a）受海上危险影响的任何船舶，货物或其他动产。此种财产在本法中被称为“可保财产”。
（b）由于保险财产暴露于海上危险之中而危及的任何运费，客票款，佣金，利润或其他钱财上的利益，或任何预付款，贷款，或垫付费用的担保。
（c）保险财产的所有人或其他对其有利益或有责任的当事人由于海上风险的原因对第三方产生的任何责任。”
保险利益（Insurable Interest）
第4条 赌博合同无效（Avoidance of wagering or gaming contracts）
4.(1) Every contract of marine insurance by way of gaming or wagering is void.
(2) A contract of marine insurance is deemed to be a gaming or wagering contract-
(a) Where the assured has not an insurable interest as defined by this Act and the contract is entered into with no expectation of acquiring such an interest; or
(b) Where the policy is made “interest or no interest” or “without further proof of interest than the policy itself”, or “without benefit of salvage to the insurer”, or subject to any other like term.
Provided that, where there is no possibility of salvage, a policy may be effected without benefit of salvage to the insurer.
4．（1）用作赌博的海上保险合同无效。
（2）海上保险合同在下列情况下，被认为是赌博合同：
(a) 被保险人对保险标的无本法规定的保险利益，而且在缔约后仍无获得此种保险利益的可能；
(b) 保险单是按“无论有无保险利益”， 或“除保险单本身外，再无具有保险利益的证明”，或“保险人无救助利益”等条件，或按其他类似条件订定的。
但是，如无救助的可能，保险单可以按保险人无救助利益的条件签订。
第5条 保险利益的定义（Insurable interest defined）
5.（1）Subject to the provisions of this Act, every person has an insurable interest who is interested in a marine adventure.
（2） In particular, a person is interested in a marine adventure where he stands in any legal or equitable relation to the adventure or to any insurable property at risk therein, in consequence of which he may benefit by the safety or due arrival of insurable property, or may be prejudiced by its loss, or by damage thereto, or by the detention thereof, or may incur liability in respect thereof.
（1）根据本法各条规定，与海上冒险有利益关系的每一个人具有保险利益。
（2）一个人与海上冒险有利益关系，尤其是在他与该冒险或处在危险中的任何保险财产，具有任何法律上或衡平的关系，因而若保险财产安全或及时抵达他便能从中获取利益；反之，如果保险财产灭失，损坏，或被滞留或招致有关责任，他的利益将受到损害。
第6条 何时应具有利益（When interest must attach）
6. （1）The assured must be interested in the subject- matter insured at the time of loss though he need not be interested when the insurance is effected.
（2）Where the assured has no interest at the time of the loss, he cannot acquire interest by any act or election after he is aware of the loss.
（1）虽然投保时被保险人无需对保险标的具有利益，但在保险标的灭损时，他必须对其具有利益。
（2）如果被保险人在灭损当时不具有利益，他不能在他知晓该灭损后，通过任何行为或选择而获取利益。
第7条 可撤销的利益或偶然的利益（Defeasible or contingent interest）
7.(1) A defeasible interest is insurable, as also is a contingent interest.
(2) In particular, where the buyer of goods has insured them, he has an insurable interest, notwithstanding that he might, at his election,
（1）可撤销的利益是保险利益，偶然的利益亦然。
（2）特别是，如货物买方已将该批货物保险，他就对该批货物具有保险利益，尽管由于卖方交货延误或其他原因，致使被保险人可能选择拒收货物，或将货物视作卖方风险。
第8条 部分利益（Partial interest）
8. A partial interest of any nature is insurable.
8．任何性质的部分利益均可承保。
第9条 再保险（Re-insurance）
9(1) The insurer under a contract of marine insurance has an insurable interest in his risk, and may re-insure in respect of it.
(2) Unless the policy otherwise provides, the original assured has no right or interest in respect of such re-insurance.
9．（1）海上保险合同中的保险人对其承保的风险有保险利益，并可将有关风险再保险。
（2）除非保险单另有规定，原被保险人对此种再保险没有权利或利益。
第10条 （以船、货为抵押物的）抵押贷款（Bottomry）
10. The lender of money on bottomry or respeondentia has an insurable interest in respect of the loan.
10．以船、货为抵押物的贷款方对其贷款有保险利益。
第11条 船长和船员的工资（Master’s and seamen’s wages）
11. The master or any member of the crew of a ship has an insurable interest in respect of his wages.
11．船长或船员对其工资有保险利益。
第12条 预付运费（Advance freight）
12. In the case of advance freight, the person advancing the freight has an insurable interest, in so for as much freight is not repayable in case of loss.
12．预付运费的人对在损失后不能收回的预付运费有保险利益。
第13条 保险费（Charges of insurance）
13. The assured has an insurable interest in the charges of any insurance which be may effect.
13．被保险人对其应支付的保险费具有保险利益。
第14条 利益数额（Quantum of interest）
14.(1) Where the subject-matter insured is mortgaged, the mortgagor has an insurable interest in the full value thereof, and the mortgagee has an insurable interest in respect of any sum due or to become due under the
mortgage.
(2) A mortgagee, consignee, or other person having an interest in the subject-matter insured may insure on behalf and for the benefit of other persons interested as well as for his own benefit.
(3) The owner of insurable property has an insurable interest in respect of the full value thereof, notwithstanding that some third person may have agreed, or be liable, to indemnify him in case of loss.
14．（1）在保险标的被抵押之场合，抵押人对抵押物的全部价值有保险利益，而抵押权人对抵押贷款合同下其所付的或应付的有关金额有保险利益。
（2）抵押权人、收货人或对保险标的有利益的其他人，除为了自已的利益外，得代表和为其他有利害关系的人的利益进行保险。
（3）尽管在发生损失的情况下，某些第三者可能已同意或有义务赔偿其损失，保险财产的所有人对其财产的全部价值有保险利益。
第15条 利益转让（Assignment of interest）
15．Where the assured assigns or otherwise parts with his interest in the subject- matter insured, he does not thereby transfer to the assignee his rights under the contract of insurance, unless there be an express or implied agreement with the assignee to that effect.
But the provisions of this section do not affect a transmission of interest by operation of law.
15．被保险人若转让或以其他方式放弃其保险标的利益，他并不因此将其保险合同下的权利转让给受让人，除非与受让人订有转让保险权益的明示或默示协议。
但本条规定不影响因实施法律而发生的利益转让。
保险价值（Insurable Value）
第16条 保险价值的确定（Measure of insurable value）
16. Subject to any express provision or valuation in the policy, the insurable value of the subject-matter insured must be ascertained as follows:-
(1) In insurance on ship, the insurable value is the value at the commencement of the risk, of the ship, including her outfit, provisions and stores for the officers and crew, money advanced for seamen’s wages, and other disbursements (if any) incurred to make the ship fit for the voyage or adventure contemplated by the policy, plus the charges of insurance upon the
whole:
The insurable value, in the case of a steamship, includes also the machinery, boilers, and coals and engine stores if owned by the assured, and, in the case of a ship engaged in a special trade, the ordinary fittings requisite for that trade:
(2) In insurance on freight, whether paid in advance or otherwise, the insurable value is the gross amount of the freight at the risk of the assured, plus the charges of insurance:
(3) In insurance on goods or merchandise, the insurable value is the prime cost of the property insured, plus the expenses of and incidental to shipping and the charges of insurance upon the whole:
(4) In insurance on any other subject-matter, the insurable value is the amount at the risk of the assured when the policy attaches, plus the charges of insurance.
16．除保险单的明文规定或定值外，保险标的的保险价值，必须按下列规定确定：
（1）在船舶保险中，保险价值是风险开始时的船舶价值，包括船舶的装备、全体船员的食物与其他物料、预付给船员的工资以及为使船舶适合航行于保险单载明的航程或海上冒险所可能产生的其他垫付费用加上全部保险费用。
对蒸汽机船舶，船舶的保险价值还应包括机器、锅炉、被保险人拥有的燃料煤和机舱物料，而如果船舶用于特殊贸易，则还需包括适合该贸易的通常装备。
（2）在运费保险中，无论运费是否预付，保险价值是指被保险人处于风险中的总运费加上保险费。
（3）在货物或商品保险中，保险价值是该保险财产的成本价格，加上海运费和与海运有关的费用，及全部海运过程中的保险费用。
（4）在其他保险中，保险价值是保险单生效时被保险人处于风险中的金额加上保险费用。
告知和陈述（Disclosure and Representation）
第17条 保险是最大诚信（Insurance is uberrimae fidei）
17．A contract of marine insurance is a contract based upon the utmost good faith and, if the utmost good faith be not observed by either party, the contract may be avoided by the other party.
17．海上保险合同是建立在最大诚信基础上的合同，如果任何一方不遵守最大诚信，他方可以撤消该合同。
第18条 被保险人的告知（Disclosure by assured）
18.(1) Subject to the provisions of this section, the assured must disclose to the insurer, before the contract is concluded, every material circumstance which is known to the assured, and the assured is deemed to know every circumstance which, in the ordinary course of business, ought to be known by him. If the assured fails to make such disclosure, the insurer may avoid the contract.
(2) Every circumstance is material, which would influence the judgment of a prudent insurer in fixing the premium, or determining whether he will take the risk.
(3) In the absence of inquiry the following circumstances need not be disclosed, namely:-
(a) Any circumstance which diminishes the risks;
(b) Any circumstance which is known or presumed to be known to the insurer. The insurer is presumed to know matters of common notoriety or knowledge, and matters which an insurer in the ordinary course of his business, as such, ought to know;
(c) Any circumstance as to which information is waived by the insurer;
(d) Any circumstance which it is superfluous to disclose by reason of any express or implied warranty.
(4) Whether any particular circumstance, which is not disclosed, be material or not is, in each case, a question of fact.
(5) The term “circumstance” includes any communication made to, or information received by, the assured.
18.(1) 根据本条的规定，在订立合同前，被保险人必须向保险人告知其所知的一切重要情况。被保险人应视为知道在通常业务过程中他应当知晓的每一情况。若被保险人未作此种告知，保险人可以撤消合同。
(2) 影响谨慎的保险人确定保险费的决定或决定是否承保该项风险的每一情况，即属重要情况。
(3) 对下列情况如果保险人未问及，被保险人无需告知：
(a) 减少风险的任何情况；
(b) 保险人知道或被认为应该知道的情况；保险人应该知晓众所周知的事情，以及他在通常业务中应该知晓的一般情况；
(c) 保险人不要求被保险人告知的情况；
(d) 由于明文或默示的保证条款，被保险人无需告知的事项。
(4) 在每一案件中，未告知的任何特别情况是否重要，属事实问题。
(5) “情况”一词包括送给被保险人的通知和其收到的消息。
第19条 投保代理人的告知（Disclosure by agent effecting insurance）
19．Subject to the provisions of the preceding section as to circumstances which need not be disclosed where an insurance is effected for the assured by an agent, the agent must disclose to the insurer-
(a) Every material circumstance which is known to himself, and an agent to insure is deemed to know every circumstance which in the ordinary course of business ought to be known by, or to have been communicated to, him; and
(b) Every material circumstance which the assured is bound to disclose, unless it came to his knowledge too late to communicate it to the agent.
19.若由代理人为被保险人投保,除按前条各款规定无需告知的各有关事项外,该代理人必须向保险人告知:
(a) 他所知道的每一重要情况,保险代理人视为知晓其在通常业务中应当知晓或被保险人已通知他的每一情况;
(b) 及被保险人有义务告知的每一重要情况,除非他得知该情况过迟,无法及时通知该代理人.
第20条 协商合同时的陈述（Representations pending negotiation of contract）
20.①Every material representation made by the assured or his agent to the insurer during the negotiations for the contract and before the contract is concluded, must be true. If it be untrue the insurer may avoid the contract.
②A representation is material which would influence the judgment of a prudent insurer in fixing the premium, or determining whether he will take the risk.
③A representation may be either a representation as to a matter of fact, or as to a matter of expectation or belief.
④A representation as to a matter of fact is true, if it be substantially correct, that is to say, if the difference between what is represented and what is actually correct would not be considered material by a prudent insurer.
⑤A representation as to a matter of expectation or belief is true if it be made in good faith.
⑥A representation may be withdrawn or corrected before the contract is concluded.
⑦Whether a particular representation be material or not is, in each case, a question of fact.
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①在协商合同期间及订立合同前,被保险人或其代理人向保险人作出的每一重要陈述必须真实,若其不真实,保险人可以撤消合同.
②影响谨慎的保险人确定保险费的评价或决定是否承保该项风险的陈述,即为重要陈述.
③一项陈述既可以是有关事实,也可以是关于期望或是关于信念的陈述.
④若一项关于事实的陈述实质上是准确的,它便是真实的,亦即,如果陈述内容与实际情况有差异,谨慎的保险人并不认为是重要的.
⑤若被保险人依诚信作出期望或信念的陈述,该陈述即是真实的.
⑥陈述在订立合同前可以撤回或更正.
⑦在每一案件中,某一特定的陈述是否重要,属事实问题.
第21条 何时合同视为成立（When contract is deemed to be concluded）
21．A contract of marine insurance is deemed to be concluded when the proposal of the assured is accepted by the insurer, whether the policy be then issued or not and, for the purpose of showing when the proposal was accepted, reference may be made to the slip or covering note or other customary memorandum of the contract.
21．保险人接受被保险人的投保单后，无论当时是否已签发保险单，海上保险合同应视为已经成立；为表明该投保单何时被接受，可以参考承保条或暂保单或其他合同习惯的备忘录。
保险单（The Policy）
第22条 合同必须包含在保险单内（Contract must be embodied in policy）
22. Subject to the provisions of any statute, a contract of marine insurance is inadmissible in evidence unless it is embodied in a marine policy in accordance with this Act. The policy may be executed and issued either at the time when the contract is concluded, or afterwards.
22．受任何法律规定的制约，海上保险合同不能作为诉讼的证据，除非包含在符合本法的海上保险单内。保险单可在海上保险合同成立时或以后签发。
第23条 保险单必须载明的事项（What policy must specify）
23. A marine policy must specify-
(1) The name of the assured, or of some person who effects the insurance on his behalf;
(2) The subject-matter insured and the risk insured against;
(3) The voyage, or period of time, or both, as the case may be, covered by the insurance;
(4) The sum or sums insured;
(5) The name or names of the insurance.
23．海上保险单必须载明下列事项：
（1）被保险人或代被保险人投保的人的名称；
（2）保险标的和承保险别
（3）保险承保的航程或期间，或同时承保航程和期间两者，视情况而定
（4）保险金额
（5）保险人的名称。
（本条第2，3，4，5款已被英国1959年《财政法》废除。译者注）
第24条 保险人签署（Signature of insurer）
24.(1) A marine policy must be signed by or on behalf of the insurer, provided that in the case of a corporation the corporate seal may be sufficient, but nothing in this section shall be construed as requiring the subscription of a corporation to be under seal.
(2) Where a policy is subscribed by or on behalf of two or more insurers, each subscription, unless the contrary by expressed, constitutes a distinct contract with the assured.
24．（1）海上保险单必须由保险人或其代表签署，假如是（保险）公司出具保险单，则加盖公司印章即可；但不能把本条规定解释为要求公司签署加盖印章。
（2）在保险单是由两个或两个以上认可保险份额的保险人或其代表出具之情况下，除非另有明示相反约定，每一签署构成与被保险人的独立合同。
第25条 航次保险单和定期保险单（Voyage and time policies）
25.(1) Where the contract is to insure the subject-matter at and from, or from one place to another or others, the policy is called a “voyage policy” and where the contract is to insure the subject-matter for a definite period of time the policy is called a “time policy”. A contract for both voyage and time may be included in the same policy.
((2) Subject to the provisions of section eleven of the Finance Act, 1901, a time policy which is made for any time exceeding twelve months is invalid.)
25．（1）在保险合同承保保险标的“在和从”或“从”某一地点运送至另一地点或其他地点之场合，该保险单称作“航次保险单”；在保险合同承保保险标的某一段固定期间之情况下，该保险单叫做“定期保险单”。同一保险单可以同时承保航次和定期保险的合同。
（2）（该款已废除。译者注）
第26条 指定标的（Designation of subject-matter）
26(1).The subject-matter insured must be designated in a marine policy with reasonable certainty.
(2) The nature and extent of the interest of the assured in the subject-matter insured need not be specified in the policy.
(3) Where the policy designates the subject-matter insured in general terms ,it shall be construed to apply to the interest intended by the assured to be covered.
(4) In the application of this section regard shall be had to any usage regulating the designation of the subject-matter insured.
26（1）保险标的必须在海上保险单中合理确定地标明。
（2）被保险人对于保险标的利益的性质和范围无需在保险单中明确规定。
（3）在保险单用一般术语标明保险标的之场合，应解释为适用于被保险人意图投保的利益。
（4）在适用本条规定时，还应考虑制约保险标的指定的任何习惯。
第27条 定值保险单（Valued policy）
27.(1) A policy may be either valued or unvalued
(2) A valued policy is a policy, which specifies the agreed value of the subject-matter insured.
(3) Subject to the provisions of this Act, and the absence of fraud, the value fixed by the policy is, as between the insurer and assured, conclusive of the insurable value of the subject intended to be insured, whether the loss be total or partial.
(4) Unless the policy otherwise provides, the value fixed by the policy is not conclusive for the purpose of determining whether there has been a constructive total loss.
27.(1) 保险单可以是定值保险单，也可以是不定值保险单。
（2）定值保险单指载明保险标的的约定价值的保险单。
（3）除本法条款另有规定外，若不存在欺骗，不论损失是全损或部分损失，保险单确定的价值即为保险人与被保险人之间意图对标的物投保的确定保险价值。
(4) 除保险单另有规定外，就确定是否构成推定全损而言，保险单约定的价值并非终结性的。
第28条 不定值保险单（Unvalued policy）
28. An unvalued policy is a policy which does not specify the value of the subject-matter insured, but, subject to the limit of the sum insured, leaves the insurable value to be subsequently ascertained, in the manner herein before specified.
28．不定值保险单指未载明保险标的的价值的保险单，但受保险金额制约，按前述规定将保险价值留待以后确定。
第29条 船舶预约保险单（Floating policy by ship or ships）
29.(1) A floating policy is a policy which describes the insurance in general terms, and leaves the name of the ship or ships and other particulars to be defined by subsequent declaration.
(2) The subsequent declaration or declarations may be made by endorsement on the policy, or in other customary manner.
(3) Unless the policy otherwise provides, the declarations must be made in the order of dispatch or shipment. They must, in the case of goods, comprise all consignments within the terms of the policy, and the value of the goods or other property must be honestly stated, but an omission or erroneous declaration may be rectified even after loss or arrival, provided the omission or declaration was made in good faith.
(4) Unless the policy otherwise provides, where a declaration of value is not made until after notice of loss or arrival, the policy must be treated as an unvalued policy as regards the subject to matter of that declaration.
29.(1) 预约保险单是指保险单仅作笼统的规定，将船舶的名称和其他事项在以后申报中确定。
（2）这种后来进行的申报， 可用批单形式在保险单上批注，也可按其他习惯方式进行。
（3）除非保险单另有规定，申报应按装运的前后依次进行。如果是货物，申报必须包括保险单规定条件之内的全部货物运输。货物或其他财产的价值，必须诚实说明，但善意的漏报或误报，即便在发生损失或货物抵达之后，也可以进行更正。
（4）除非保险单另有规定，在收到损失通知或抵达之前未申报价值的情况下，对该申报的标的物，保险单应视为不定值保险单。
第30条 保险单术语的解释（Construction of terms in policy）
30.(1) A policy may be in the form in the First Schedule to this Act.
(2) Subject to the provisions of this Act, and unless the context of the policy otherwise requites, the terms and expressions mentioned in the First Schedule to this Act shall be construed as having the scope and meaning in that Schedule assigned to them.
30,(1) 保险单可按本法所附第一附件的式样签订。
（2）根据本法规定，除非保险单内容另有其他要求，本法所附第一附件内的术语及措词，应按赋予该附件规定的词意和范围解释。
第31条 待安排的保险费（Premium to be arranged）
31.(1) Where an insurance is effected at a premium to be arranged, and no arrangements is made, a reasonable premium is payable.
(2) Where an insurance is effected on the terms that an additional premium is to be arranged in a given event, and that event happens, but no arrangement is made, then a reasonable additional premium is payable.
31．（1）在待安排的保险费倘未确定而保险业已生效之场合，被保险人应支付合理的保险费。
（2）在某一事件发生时，保险继续有效以某一待安排的附加保险费为条件之情况下，若事件发生时，倘未商定该附加保费，则被保险人应支付合理的附加保费。
重复保险（Double Insurance）
第32条 重复保险（Double insurance）
32.(1) Where two or more policies are effected by or on behalf of the assured on the same adventure and interest or any part thereof, and the sums insured exceed the indemnity allowed by this Act, the assured is said to be over-insured by double insurance
(2) Where the assured is over-insured by double insurance-
(a) The assured, unless the policy otherwise provides, may claim payment from the insurers in such order as he may think fit, provided that he is not entitled to receive any sum in excess of the indemnity allowed by this Act;
(b) Where the policy under which the assured claims is a valued policy, the assured must give credit as against the valuation for any sum received by him under any other policy without regard to the actual value of the subject-matter insured;
(c) Where the policy under which the assured claims is an unvalued policy he must give credit, as against the full insurable value, for any sum received by him under any other policy;
(d) Where the assured receives any sum in excess of the indemnity allowed by this Act, he is deemed to hold such sum in trust for the insurers according to their right of contribution among themselves.
32．（1）当被保险人或其代表，就同一冒险和利益或其中的一部分订立了两份以上的保险单，且保险金额超过本法所允许的赔偿限额时，被保险人即被视为因重复保险而超额保险。
（2）在被保险人因重复保险而超额保险之场合：
(a) 除非保险单另有规定，被保险人可根据自已认为合适的顺序，依次向其保险人索赔，但他所得金额不得超过本法允许的赔偿限额；
(b) 如果被保险人凭以索赔的保险单是一份定值保险单，被保险人必须将其他保险单项下他已收取的任何数额从约定保险价值中扣除，无需考虑保险标的的实际价值；
（c）如果被保险人据以索赔的保险单是一份不定值保险单，被保险人必须将其他保险单项下他已收取的数额从全部保险价值中扣除；
(d) 若被保险人得到的金额超过本法所允许的赔偿额，则此种超出金额即被视为由被保险人代各保险人托管，由保险人按他们之间的分摊权利摊回。
各项保证等（Warranties, etc.）
第33条 保证的性质（Nature of warranty）
33.(1) A warranty, in the following sections relating to warranties, means a promissory warranty, that is to say, a warranty by which the assured undertakes that some particular thing shall or shall not be done, or that some condition shall be fulfilled, or whereby he affirms or negatives the existence of a particular state of facts.
(2) A warranty may be express or implied.
(3) A warranty, as above defined, is a condition which must be exactly complied with, whether it be material to the risk or not. If it be not so complied with, then, subject to any express provision in the policy, the insurer is discharged from liability as from the date of the breach of warranty, but without prejudice to any liability incurred by him before that date.
33．（1）保证（下述各条有关保证）是指允诺性的保证，即被保险人保证去做或不去做某种特定事情，或履行某项条件，或者肯定或否定存在某些事实的特定状态。
（2）保证可以明示或默示。
（3）按照上述定义，无论保证对风险是否重要，均是一种必须严格遵守的条件。如果被保险人不如此遵守之，除非保险单另有明示规定，从被保险人违反保证之日起，保险人解除责任，但不妨碍在违反保证之前产生的任何责任。
第34条 何时可免除违反保证（When breach of warranty excused）
34. （1）Non- compliance with a warranty is excused when, by reason of a change of circumstances, the warranty ceases to be applicable to the circumstances of the contract, or when compliance with the warranty is rendered unlawful by any subsequent law.
(2) Where a warranty is broken, the assured cannot avail himself of the defence that the breach has been remedied, and the warranty complied with, before loss.
(3) A breach of warranty may be waived by the insurer.
(1) 由于情况变化，保证不再适用于合同情况，或遵循该保证被任何后来的法律视为非法等情况下，不遵循该保证可以免责。
(2) 如果一项保证已被破坏，则被保险人不能以在发生损失前违反已得到弥补，保证已得到遵守的理由为自已辩护。
(3) 保险人可以放弃保证的违反。
第35条 明示保证（Express warranties）
35.(1) An express warranty may be in any form of words from which the intention to warrant is to be inferred.
(2) An express warranty must be included in, or written upon, the policy, or must be contained in some document incorporated by reference into the policy.
(3) An express warranty does not exclude an implied warranty, unless it be inconsistent therewith.
35．(1) 明示保证可以用任何形式的文字说明保证意图。
(2) 明示保证必须包含在或写进保险单，或包括在并入保险单的某些文件之中。
(3) 除非明示保证与默示保证相抵触，明示保证不排除默示保证。
第36条 中立保证（Warranty of neutrality）
36.(1) Where insurable property, whether ship or goods, is expressly warranted neutral, there is an implied condition that the property shall have a neutral character at the commencement of the risk, and that, so far as the assured can control the matter, its neutral character shall be
preserved during the risk.
(2) Where a ship is expressly warranted “neutral” there is also an implied condition that, so far as the assured can control the matter, she shall be properly documented, that is to say, that she shall carry the necessary papers to establish her neutrality, and that she shall not falsify or suppress her papers, or use simulated papers. If any loss occurs through breach of this condition, the insurer may avoid the contract.
36．（1）在保险财产，不论是船舶还是货物，明确宣布保证中立之场合，存在一项默示条件，即在风险开始时，该项财产应为中立性质，而且在被保险人能控制的范围内，在整个风险期间应保持这种中立性质。
（2）在船舶明文保证中立之情况下，亦存在一项默示条件，即在被保险人能控制的范围内，该船舶应适当备齐各种证件；亦即，该船舶必须携带表明其中立性质的必要文件，并不得伪造或隐匿证件或使用假文件。
对因违反此项条件所产生的任何损失，保险人可以解除合同。
第37条 无默示船籍保证（No implied warranty of nationality）
37．There is no implied warranty as to the nationality of a shipper that her nationality shall not be changed during the risk.
37．关于船舶的国籍不存在默示保证，也不存在风险期间其船籍不变的默示保证。
第38条 完好安全保证（Warranty of good safety）
38. Where the subject-matter insured is warranted “well” or “in good safety” on a particular day, it is sufficient if it be safe at any time during that day.
38．在被保险人保证保险标的在某一特定日期内保持“良好”或“完好安全”之情况下，只要保险标的在该日期的任何时候处于安全状态便已足够。
第39条 船舶适航保证（Warranty of seaworthiness of ship）
39.(1) In a voyage policy there is an implied warranty that at the commencement of the voyage the ship shall be seaworthy for the purpose of the particular adventure insured.
(2) Where the policy attaches while the ship is in port, there is also an implied warranty that she shall, at the commencement of the risk, be reasonably fit to encounter the ordinary perils of the port.
(3) Where the policy relates to a voyage which is performed in different stages, during which the ship requires different kinds of or further preparation or equipment, there is an implied warranty that at the commencement of each stage the ship is seaworthy in respect of such preparation or equipment for the , purposes of that stage.
(4) A ship is deemed to be seaworthy when she is reasonably fit in all respects to encounter the ordinary perils of the seas of the adventure insured.
(5) In a time policy there is no implied warranty that the ship shall be seaworthy at any stage of the adventure, but where, with the private of the assured, the ship is sent to sea in an unseaworthy state, the insurer is not liable for any loss attributable to unseaworthiness.”
39（1）在航次保险单中有一项默示保证，即在为承保的特定海上冒险之目的而开始其航次当时，船舶应适航。
（2）保险单订立时若船舶停泊于港口，亦有一项默示保证，即在风险开始时，船舶应合理适宜面对该港口的通常危险。
（3）在保险单有关的航次分不同阶段履行之场合，在各个阶段中，船舶需要不同种类的装备或进一步准备，有一项默示保证，在每一阶段开始时，为各该阶段之目的，船舶就有关此种准备或装备是适航的。
（4）船舶在所有方面合理适宜面对承保的海上冒险中通常海上危险，即被视为适航。
（5）在船舶定期保险单中，不存在船舶在海上冒险的任何阶段应当适航的默示保证，但若被保险人私谋，将处于不适航状态下的船舶派出海，保险人对可归因于不适航的任何损失不负责任。
第40条 无货物适航的默示保证（No implied warranty that goods are seaworthy）
（1）In a policy on goods or other movables there is no implied warranty that the goods or movables are seaworthy.
(2) In a voyage policy on goods or other movables there is an implied warranty that at the commencement of the voyage the ship is not only seaworthy as a ship, but also that she is reasonably fit to carry the goods or other movables to the destination contemplated by the policy.”
（1）在货物或其他动产的保险单中，不存在该货物或动产适航的默示保证。
（2）在货物或其他动产的航次保险单中，存在着一项默示保证：在船舶航次开始当时，不仅船舶本身适航，而且船舶还合理适宜运送货物或其他动产至保险单预定的目的地。
第41条 合法保证（Warranty of legality）
There is an implied warranty that the adventure insured is a lawful one, and that, so far as the assured can control the matter, the adventure shall be carried out in a lawful manner.
有一项承保的海上冒险是合法的默示保证，且就被保险人所能控制的问题而言，该海上冒险应当以合法的方式进行。
航程（The Voyage）
第42条 关于风险开始的默示条件（Implied condition as to commencement of risk）
42.(1) Where the subject-matter is insured by a voyage policy ‘at and from’ or ‘from’ a particular place, it is not necessary that the ship should be at that place when the contract is concluded, but there is an implied condition that the adventure shall be commenced within a reasonable time, and that if the adventure be not so commenced the insurer may avoid the contract.
(2) The implied condition any be negative by showing that the delay was caused by circumstances known to the insurer before the contract was concluded, or by showing that he waived the condition.
42．（1）在保险标的是按“在和从”或“从”某一特定地点开始的航次保险单承保之场合，在签订该合同时，该船无需在该指定地点，但有一项默示条件，即该冒险应在合理时间内开始，如果该冒险未在该时间内开始，保险人可以撤销合同。
（2）通过证明延迟是由于保险人在签订保险合同之前已知道的情况造成的，或证明保险人已放弃该默示条件，该默示条件可以被否定。
第43条 启航港的变更（Alteration of port of departure）
43. Where the place of departure is specified by the policy, and the
ship instead of sailing from that place sails from any other place, the risk
does not attach.
43．在保险单已明确规定了启航地之情况下，船舶未从该地而是从任何其他地点启航，保险单不承保该风险。
第44条 驶往不同的目的港（Sailing for different destination）
44. Where the place destination is specified in the policy, and the ship, instead of sailing for that destination, sails for any other destination, the risk does not attach.
44．若保险单已明确规定了目的港，但船舶不驶往该目的港，而驶往任何其他目的港时，保险单不承保该风险。
第45条 改变航程（Change of voyage）
45.(1) Where, after the commencement of the risk, the destination of the ship is voluntarily changed from the destination contemplated by the policy there is said to be a change of voyage.
(2) Unless the policy otherwise provides, where there is a change of voyage, the insurer is discharged from liability as from the time of change , that is to say, as from the time when the determination to change it is manifested; and it is immaterial that the ship may not in fact have left the course of voyage contemplated by the policy when the loss occurs.
45．（1）如果在风险开始后，船舶自愿地改变保险单预定的目的港，即构成航程变更。
（2）除非保险单另有规定，如存在航程变更，保险人自该变更之时起，亦即，自变更决定被证明之时起，即免除责任；至于船舶发生灭失当时可能事实上尚未偏离保险单预定的航线则无关紧要。
第46条 绕航（Deviation）
46.(1) Where a ship, without lawful excuse, deviates from the voyage contemplated by the policy, the insurer is discharged from liability as from the time of deviation, and it is immaterial that the ship may have regained her route before any loss occurs.
(2) There is a deviation from the voyage contemplated by the policy –
Where the course of the voyage is specifically designated by the policy, and that course is departed from; or
Where the course of the voyage is not specifically designated by the policy, but the usual and customary course is departed from.
(3) The intention to deviate is immaterial; there must be a deviation in fact to discharge the insurer from his liability under the contract.
46．（1）如果在无合法理由的情况下，船舶自保险单预定的航线绕航，保险人自该绕航之时起解除责任，船舶在任何损失发生前可能已回到原航线无关紧要。
（2）下列情形即属自保险单预定的航线绕航在保险单已明确规定了航程航线的情况下，船舶驶离该航线；
在保险单未明确规定航程的航线之场合，船舶驶离通常和习惯的航线
（3）绕航的意图无关紧要，必须有绕航的事实，保险人方可解除合同项下的责任。
第47条 数个卸货港（Several ports of discharge）
47.-(1) Where several ports of discharge are specified by the policy, the ship may proceed to all or any of them, but, in the absence of any usage of sufficient cause to the contrary, she must proceed to them, or such of them as she goes to , in the order designated by the policy. If she does not there is a deviation.
(2) Where the policy is to ‘ports of discharge,’ within a given area, which are not named, the ship must, in the absence of any usage or sufficient cause to the contrary, proceed to them, or such of them as she goes to , in their geographical order. If she does not there is a deviation.
47．（1）如果保险单载明数个卸货港，船舶可以驶往全部或其中任何一个港口，但若没有相反的习惯或充分的理由，船舶必须按照保险单定明的次序，顺序驶经各个港口或其中几个港口。如果船舶违反上述次序，即构成绕航。
（2）若保险单载明某个区域内的“卸货港口”，但未载明港名，在没有相反的习惯或充足的理由的情况下，船舶必须按照地理上的远近顺序驶抵各港口或其中几个港口。如船舶违反该次序，即构成绕航。
第48条 航程延迟（Delay in voyage）
48. In the case of a voyage policy, the adventure insured must be prosecuted throughout its course with reasonable dispatch, and, if without lawful excuse it is not so prosecuted, the insurer is discharged from liability as from the time when the delay became unreasonable.
48．在航次保险单的情况下，承保航程在整个过程中必须合理迅速地完成，如果不能如此完成又无合法的理由，保险人自延迟成为不合理之时起解除责任。
第49条 获准绕航或延迟（Excuses for deviation or delay）
49.(1) Deviation or delay in prosecuting the voyage contemplated by the policy is excused-
(a) Where authorized by any special term in the policy; or
(b) Where caused by circumstances beyond the control of the master and his employer; or
(c) Where reasonably necessary in order to comply with an express or implied warranty; or
(d) Where reasonably necessary for the safety of the ship or
subject-matter insured; or
(e) For the purpose of saving human life, or aiding a ship in distress where human life may be in danger; or
(f) Where reasonably necessary for the purpose of obtaining medical or surgical aid for any person on board the ship; or
(g) Where caused by the barratrous conduct of the master or crew, if barratry be one of the perils insured against.
(2) When the cause excusing the deviation or delay ceases to operate, the ship must resume her course, and prosecute her voyage, with reasonable dispatch.”
49.（1） 船舶在完成保险单载明的航程中，下述绕航或延迟是许可的：
(a) 保险单中特殊条款授权者；
(b) 船长或其雇员不能控制的情况造成的；
(c) 为遵循明示或默示保证所合理必要的；
(d) 为船舶或保险标的的安全所合理必要的；
(e) 为救助人命或为救护有人命危险的遇难船舶；
(f) 为船上任何人员合理地及时得到内、外科治疗所合理必要的；
(g) 如果“船长、船员欺诈恶行”是承保风险，由于船长或船员的欺诈恶行造成的。
(2) 一旦允许绕航或迟延的理由终止，船舶必须合理快速地回复其原航线并完成其航程。
保险单的转让（Assignment of Policy）
第50条 何时及如何转让保险单（When and how policy is assignable）
“50.-(1) A marine policy is assignable unless it contains terms expressly prohibiting assignment. It may be assigned either before or after loss.
(2) Where a marine policy has been assigned so as to pass the beneficial interest in such policy, the assignee of the policy is entitled to sue thereon in his own name; and the defendant is entitled to make any defence arising out of the contract which he would have been entitled to make if the action had been brought in the name of the person by or on behalf of whom the policy was effected.
(3) A marine policy may be assigned by endorsement thereon or in other customary manner.
50.（1）除非保险单中明文规定禁止转让，海上保险单可以在损失发生前或发生后转让。
（2）在海上保险已经转让，以便转移此种保险单中的利益之场合，保险单的受让人有权以自已的名义起诉，被告有权援用该合同引起的任何抗辩，好像诉讼是由订立保险单的人或代表他提起的一样。
（3）海上保险单可以用在保险单上背书或用其他习惯方式转让。
第51条 无保险利益者不能转让保险单（Assured who has no interest cannot assign）
51. Where the assured has parted with or lost his interest in the subject-matter insured, and has not, before or at the time of so doing, expressly or impliedly agreed to assign the policy, any subsequent assignment of the policy is inoperative;
Provided that nothing in this section affects the assignment of a policy after loss.
51．在被保险人对保险标的已经没有或丧失利益，且在此之前或当时未明示或默示同意转让保险单之情况下，则随后保险单的任何转让均属无效。
但本条规定不影响在发生损失之后的保险单转让。
保险费（The Premium）
第52条 何时缴付保险费（When premium payable）
52．Unless otherwise agreed, the duty of the assured or his agent to pay the premium, and the duty of the insured to issue the policy to the assured or his agent, are concurrent conditions, and the insurer is not bound to issue the policy until payment or tender of the premium.
52．除非另有协议，被保险人或其代理人支付保险费的义务，与保险人向被保险人或其代理人签发保险单的义务是对流条件，在支付或提交保险费之前，保险人没有义务签发保险单。
第53条 通过经纪人订立的保险单（Policy effected through broker ）
53． （1）Unless otherwise agreed, where a marine policy is effected on behalf of the assured by a broker, the broker is directly responsible to the insurer for the premium, and the insurer is directly responsible to the assured for the amount which may be payable in respect of losses, or in respect of returnable premium.
(2) Unless otherwise agreed, the broker has, as against the assured, a lien upon the policy for the amount of the premium and his charges in respect of effecting the policy; and, where he has dealt with the person who employs him as a principal, he has also a lien on the policy in respect of any balance on any insurance account which may be due to him from such person, unless when the debt was incurred he had reason to believe that such person was only an agent.
53．(1) 除非另有约定，在海上保险单是由经纪人代表被保险人办理之场合，该经纪人应对保险人就该保险费承担直接责任，关于因灭失应付之赔偿或可退还的保险费，保险人应向被险人直接负责。
(2) 除 非另有约定，经纪人就其缴纳的保险费和他代办投保的费用，对被保险人享有留置保险单的权利；经纪人如果同作为雇主雇用他的人打交道，而在保险账目中该人有 应当支付他的余额时，他也有留置保险单的权利，除非这种债务产生时，他有理由相信此种人只是一个代理人。
第54条 收据对保险单的效果（Effect of receipt on policy）
54．Where a marine policy effected on behalf of the assured by a broker acknowledges the receipt of the premium, such acknowledgment is, in the absence of fraud, conclusive as between the insurer and the assured, but not as between the insurer and broker.
54．如果海上保险单由经纪人代表被保险人订立，确认收到保险费的收据，在没有欺诈的情况下，此种确认在保险人与被保险人之间是确证，但在保险人与经纪人之间不是最终证明。
灭失及委付（Loss and Abandonment）
第55条 保险和除外灭失（Included and excluded losses）
55.(1) Included and excluded losses Subject to the provisions of this Act, and unless the policy otherwise provides, the insurer is liable for any loss proximately caused by a peril insured against, but, subject as aforesaid, he is not liable for any loss which is not proximately caused by a peril insured against.
(2) In particular-
(a) The insurer is not liable for any loss attributable to the willful misconduct of the assured, but, unless the policy otherwise provides, he is liable for any loss proximately caused by a peril insured against, even though the loss would not have happened but for the misconduct or negligence of the master or crew;
(b) Unless the policy otherwise provides , the insurer on ship or goods is not liable for any loss proximately caused by delay, although the delay be caused by a peril insured against;
(c) Unless the policy otherwise provides, the insurer is not liable for ordinary wear and tear, ordinary leakage and breakage, inherent vice or nature of the subject-matter insured, or for any loss proximately caused by rats or vermin, or for any injury to machinery not proximately caused by maritime perils.
55、承保风险及除外风险
(1)本法规定及除保险单另有规定外，保险人对承保风险作为近因而导致的任何损失承担保险责任，但是，如前所述，保险人将不对承保风险并非近因而导致的任何损失承担保险责任。
(2) 尤其是-
(a) 保险人不承担由被保险人恶意行为所导致的任何损失，但除非保单另有规定，保险人对承保风险直接导致的任何损失承担责任，尽管若非船长或船员的恶意行为或疏忽该损失将不会发生；
(b) 除非保单另有规定，船舶险或货物险保险人将不对由迟延直接导致的任何损失承担责任，尽管该迟延是由承保风险所引起；
(c) 除非保险单另有规定，对通常磨损、渗漏和破裂，保险标的固有缺陷或特性，或者鼠害或虫害造成的任何损失，或者不是海上危险造成的机器损坏，保险人不负赔偿责任。
第56条 部分损失和全损（Partial and total loss）
56.(1) a loss may be either total or partial. Any loss other than total loss, as hereinafter defined, is a partial loss.
(2) A total loss may be either an actual total loss, or a constructive total loss.
(3) Unless a different intention appears from the terms of the policy, an insurance against total loss includes a constructive, as well as an actual, total loss.
(4) Where the assured brings an action for a total loss and the evidence proves only a partial loss, he may, unless the policy otherwise provides, recover for a partial loss.
(5) Where goods reach their destination in specie, but by reason of obliteration of marks, or otherwise, they are incapable of identification, the loss, if any, is partial, and not total.”
56.(1) 损失可以为全损或部分损失。任何非本法下文所规定的全损的损失，为部分损失。
(2) 全损可以为实际全损，或者推定全损。
(3) 除非保险单条款另有不同的意思，全损险除承保实际全损外，还承保推定全损。
(4) 被保险人提出全损诉讼请求，而证据证明仅为部分损失的，除保险单另有规定外，他可以索赔部分损失。
(5) 货物以原有品种抵达目的地，只是由于标识之涂擦或者其他原因而无法识别的，该损失，如果有的话，是部分损失而非全损。
第57条 实际全损（Actual total loss）
57.(1) Where the subject-matter is destroyed, or so damaged as to cease to be a thing of the kind insured, or where the assured is irretrievably deprived thereof, there is an actual total loss.
(2) In the case of an actual total loss no notice of abandonment need be given.
57．(1) 当保险标的完全灭失，或者损坏程度严重到不再是与原保险标的类似的事物，或者被保险人无可挽回地丧失了该保险标的者，构成实际全损。
(2) 发生实际全损的，无须发送委付通知。
第58条 船舶失踪（Missing ship）
58．Missing ship- Where the ship concerned in the adventure is missing, and after the lapse of a reasonable time no news of her has been received, an actual total loss may be presumed.
58．船舶失踪－如果在海上冒险中有关的船舶失踪，在一段合理的时间过后，仍未收到任何消息，则可推定为实际全损.
第59条 转运的效果（Effect of transshipment, etc.）
59 .Where, by a peril insured against, the voyage is interrupted at an intermediate port or place, under such circumstances as, apart from any special stipulation in the contract of affreightment, to justify the master in landing and re-shipping the goods or other movables, or in transshipping them, and sending them on to their destination, the liability of the insurer
continues notwithstanding the landing or transshipment.
59．如果由于承保危险使航程在中途港或中途某地中断，除了运输合同中的任何特殊规定之外，在船长有将货物或其他动产卸下及重装，或转船运往其目的港的正当理由的情况下，保险人应继续承担责任，尽管发生了该卸岸或转运。
第60条 推定全损的定义（Constructive total loss defined）
60.(1)Subject to any express provision in the policy, there is a constructive total loss where the subject-matter insured is reasonably abandoned on account of its actual total loss appearing to be unavoidable, or because it could not be preserved from actual total loss without an expenditure which would exceed its value when the expenditure had been incurred.
(2)In particular, there is a constructive total loss-
(i) Where the assured is deprived of the possession of his ship or goods by a peril insured against, and (a) it is unlikely that he can recover the ship or goods, as the case may be, or (b) the cost of recovering the ship or goods, as the case may be, would exceed their value when recovered; or
(ii) In the case of damage to a ship, where she is so damaged by a peril insured against, that the cost of repairing the damage would exceed the value of the ship when repaired.
In estimating the cost of repairs, no deduction is to be made in respect of general average contributions to those repairs payable by other interests, but account is to be taken of the expense of future salvage operations and of any future general average contributions to which the ship would be liable if repaired; or
(iii) In the case of damage to goods, where the cost of repairing the damage and forwarding the goods to their destination would exceed their value on arrival.
60.(1) 除保险单另有明文规定外，保险标的因其全部损失看起来不可避免，或者为避免实际全损所需的费用将超过其本身价值的原因而被合理放弃的，即构成推定全损。
(2) 尤其在下列情况下，构成推定全损：
(i) 因承保危险使被保险人丧失对其船、货的占有，并且(a) 按照情况，被保险人不大可能收回船舶和货物，或者(b) 依据情况，收回船、货的费用将超过其收回后的价值；或
(ii) 船舶受损的，因承保危险使船舶所受损坏严重到修理船损的费用将超过修理后船舶的价值的情况。
在估算修理费用时，由其他利益方支付的修理费用的共同海损分摊额不应被扣除，但是应当把将来的救助费用以及船舶如经修缮即应负担的共同海损分摊额计算在内；
(iii) 货物受损的，修理受损货物以及将货物续运到目的地的费用，将超过货物到达目的地时的价值的情况。
第61条 推定全损的效果（Effect of constructive total loss）
61. Where there is a constructive total loss the assured may either treat the loss as a partial loss, or abandon the subject-matter insured to the insurer and treat the loss as if it were an actual total loss
61.若发生推定全损，被保险人可以将其视为部分损失，也可以把保险标的委付给保险人，将该损失视为如同实际全损一样。
第62条 委付通知（Notice of abandonment）
“62(1) Subject to the provisions of this section, where the assured elects to abandon the subject-matter insured to the insurer, he must give
notice of abandonment. If he fails to do so the loss can only be treated as
a partial loss”
(2) Notice of abandonment may be given in writing, or by word of mouth,
or partly by word of mouth, and may be given in any terms, which indicate
the intention of the assured to abandon his insured interest in the
subject-matter insured unconditionally to the insurer.
(3) Notice of abandonment must be given with reasonable diligence after
the receipt of reliable information of the loss, but where the information
is of a doubtful character the assured is entitled to a reasonable time to
make inquiry.
(4) Where notice of abandonment is properly given, the rights of the
assured are not prejudiced by the fact that the insurer refuses to accept
the abandonment.
(5) The acceptance of abandonment may be either express or implied from
the conduct of the insurer, The mere silence of the insurer after notice is
not an acceptance.
(6) Where notice of abandonment is accepted the abandonment is
irrevocable. The acceptance of the notice conclusively admits liability for
the loss and the sufficiency of the notice.
(7) Notice of abandonment is unnecessary where, at the time when the
assured received information of the loss, there would be no possibility of
benefit to the insurer if notice were given to him.
(8) Notice of abandonment may be waived by the insurer.
(9) Where an insurer has re-insured his risk, no notice of abandonment
need be given by him.”
62(1)
除本条另有规定外，被保险人选择将保险标的委付给保险人的，必须发送委付通知。被保险人未发送委付通知的，损失只能视为部分损失。
(2)
委付通知可以以书面形式或口头形式或者部分书面、部分口头形式发出，被保险人可以以任何措词，表明其愿意将保险标的的保险利益无条件地委付给保险人。
(3)
委付通知必须在得到损失的可靠消息后，合理而谨慎地发送，但是消息存在可疑之处的，被保险人有权在合理时间内对此进行查询。
(4) 适当发出委付通知后，保险人拒绝接受委付的事实，不影响被保险人的权利。
(5)
保险人对于委付的接受可以明示，也可以以行动默示。保险人在收到委付通知后仅保持沉默，不构成对委付的接受。
(6)
委付通知书一经接受，委付便不能撤回。保险人接受委付通知，即表明最后承认对损失负责和通知有效。
(7)
被保险人得到损失消息时，如果向保险人发出委付通知，保险人已无获益可能的，则无需发出委付通知。
(8) 保险人可以放弃发出委付通知的权利。
(9) 保险人将其风险再保险的，该保险人无需发出委付通知。”
第63条 委付的效果（Effect of abandonment）
63.(1) Where there is a valid abandonment the insurer is entitled to
take over the interest of the assured in whatever may remain of the
subject-matter insured, and all proprietary rights incidental thereto.
(2) Upon the abandonment of a ship, the insurer thereof is entitled to
any freight in course of being earned, and which is earned by her subsequent
to the casualty causing the loss, less the expenses of earning it incurred
after the casualty; and, where the ship is carrying the owner’s goods, the
insurer is entitled to a reasonable remuneration for the carriage of them
subsequent to the casualty causing the loss.”
63. (1)
如果委付有效，保险人有权接管被保险人对保险标的的一切剩余利益，以及与其有关的所有财产利益。
(2)
从委付船舶时起，船舶保险人有权得到正在赚取和在引起损失的事故发生后船舶收取的任何运费，减去在引起损失发生的事故后为获得该运费所支付的费用；如果船舶装载的是船舶所有人的货物，保险人有权收取在引起损失发生的事故后运输货物的合理报酬。”
部分损失（Partial Losses）
第64条 单独海损（Particular average loss）
64.(1) A particular average loss is a partial loss of the subject-matter
insured, caused by a peril insured against, and which is not a general
average loss.
(2) Expenses incurred by or on behalf of the assured for the safety or
preservation of the subject-matter insured, other than general average and
salvage charges, are called particular charges,
Particular charges are not included in particular average.
64.（1）单独海损损失是指某种承保危险造成的保险标的的部分损失，其并非共同海损损失。
（2）除共同海损和救助费用外，由被保险人或代表被保险人，为保险标的的安全或保存保险标的所产生的费用，叫做特别费用。
特别费用不包括在单独海损内。
第65条 救助费用（Salvage charges）
65.(1) Subject to any express provision in the policy, salvage charges
incurred in preventing a loss by perils insured against may be recovered as
a loss by those perils.
(2) ‘salvage charges’ means the charges recoverable under maritime law
by a salvor independently of contract. They do not include the expenses of
services in the nature of salvage rendered by the assured or his agents, or
any person employed for hire by them, for the purpose of averting a peril
insured against. Such expenses, where properly incurred, may be recovered as
particular charges or as a general average loss, according to the
circumstances under which they were incurred.
65．（1）除保险单另有明确规定外，为防止承保危险发生以致造成损失而产生的费用可以像承保危险造成的损失一样得到赔偿。
（2）“救助费用”系指非合同救助人根据海商法可主张的的费用。救助费用不包括被保险人或其代理人或其雇佣的其他人为避免承保危险而提供具有救助性质的服务所支出的费用。此种费用的支出如属正当，则应根据提供服务的具体情况而将其作为特别费用或共同海损损失得到补偿。
第66条 共同海损（General average loss）
66(1) A general average loss is a loss caused by or directly
consequential on a general average act. It includes a general average
expenditure as well as a general average sacrifice.
(2) There is a general average act where any extraordinary sacrifice or
expenditure is voluntarily and reasonably made or incurred in time of peril
for the purpose of preserving the property imperiled in the common
adventure.
（3）“When there is a general average loss, the party on whom it falls
is entitled, subject to the conditions imposed by maritime law, to a ratable
contribution from the other parties interested, and such contribution is
called a general average contribution.
（4）“Subject to any express provision in the policy, where the assured
has incurred a general average expenditure, he may recover from the insurer
in respect of the proportion of the loss which falls upon him; and, in the
case of a general average sacrifice , he may recover from the insurer in
respect of the whole loss without having enforced his right of contribution
from the other parties liable to contribute.
（5）subject to any express provision in the policy , when the assured
has paid, or is liable to pay, a general average contribution in respect of
the subject insured, he may recover therefor from the insurer.
（6）In the absence of express stipulation, the insurer is not liable
for any general average loss or contribution where the loss was not incurred
for the purpose of avoiding, or in connection with the avoidance of , a
peril insured against.
（7）Where ship, freight and cargo, or any two of those interests, are
owned by the same assured, the liability of the insurer in respect of
general average losses and contributions is to be determined as if those
subjects were owned by different persons.”
66．（1）共同海损损失是由共同海损行为造成的或其直接后果所致的损失。它包括共同海损牺牲和共同海损费用。
（2）在危险发生时，为保护共同冒险（同一航程）中处于危险的财产，如果有意而合理地作出或产生任何特殊牺牲或费用，即构成共同海损行为。
（3）若发生共同海损损失，根据海商法规定的条件，遭受损失的一方有权从其他利益方得到比例分摊，这种分摊称为共同海损分摊。
（4）除保险单另有明确规定外，被保险人遭受的共同海损费用，可以按其承担的损失比例，从保险人处获得赔偿，而对于共同海损牺牲，被保险人无须先请求其他利益方进行分摊，即可从保险人处获得全部损失的赔偿。
（5）除保险单另有规定外，在被保险人已经支付或有责任支付有关保险标的的共同海损分摊时，他可以从保险人处得到相应的赔偿。
（6）在无明文规定时，保险人对不是为了避免承保危险或与此有关的共同海损损失和共同海损分摊不负责任。
（7）如果船舶、运费和货物，或者其中任何两种利益属于同一被保险人，保险人对共同海损损失及分摊所负的责任，如同上列利益由不同所有人享有一样。
赔偿限额（Measure of Indemnity）
第67条 保险人对损失的责任范围（Extent of liability of insurer for loss）
67. (1) The sum which the assured can recover in respect of a loss on a
policy by which he is insured, in the case of an unvalued policy by which he
is insured, in the case of an unvalued policy to the full extent of the
insurable value, or, in the case of a valued policy to the full extent of
the valued fixed by the policy, is called the measure of indemnity.
(2) Where there is a loss recoverable under the policy, the insurer, or
each insurer if there be more than one, is liable for such proportion of the
measure of indemnity as the amount of his subscription bears to the value
fixed by the policy in the case of a valued policy, or to the insurable
value in the case of an unvalued policy.
67．（1）被保险人在其保险单项下能得到的损失赔偿叫做赔偿限额。对不定值保险单，赔偿限额是保险标的的全部保险价值；对定值保险单，赔偿限额是保险单中的约定保险价值。
（2）在损失根据保险单可以得到赔偿之场合，保险人（或两个以上的保险人中的任何一个）按其对保险单所认可的数额同保险单约价值（就定值保险单而言）或同可保价值（就不定值保险单而论）的比例赔付赔偿限额。
第68条 全损（Total loss）
68. Subject to the provisions of this Act and to any express provisions
in the policy, where there is a total loss of the subject-matter insured-
(1) If the policy be a valued policy, the measure of indemnity is the
sum fixed by the policy;
(2) If the policy be an unvalued policy, the measure of indemnity is the
insurable value of the subject-matter insured.
68. 除本法另有规定和保险单另有明文规定外，保险标的发生全损的，
(1) 如果保险单是定值保险单，赔偿范围是保险单所确定的数额。
(2) 如果保险单是不定值保险单，赔偿范围是保险标的的可保价值。
第69条 船舶的部分损失（Partial loss of ship）
69. Where a ship is damaged, but is not totally lost, the measure of
indemnity, subject to any express provision in the policy, is as follows:-
（1） Where the ship has been repaired, the assured is entitled to the
reasonable cost of the repairs, less the customary deductions, but not
exceeding the sum insured in respect of any one casualty;
（2） Where the ship has been only partially repaired, the assured is
entitled to the reasonable cost of such repairs, computed as above, and also
to be indemnified for the reasonable depreciation, if any, arising from the
unrepaired damage, provided that the aggregate amount shall not exceed the
cost of repairing the whole damage, computed as above;
（3） Where the ship has not been repaired, and has not been sold in her
damaged state during the risk, the assured is entitled to be indemnified for
the reasonable depreciation arising from the unrepaired damage, but not
exceeding the reasonable cost of repairing such damage, computed as above.
69.船舶遭受损坏，但不是全部损失的，除保险单另有明文规定外，赔偿范围如下：--
(1)
对船舶进行修理的，被保险人有权获得合理的修理费用减去习惯扣减后的数额，但就任何一次事故所支付的数额不得超过保险金额；
(2)
仅对船舶进行部分修理的，被保险人有权获得按上述方法计算的该项修理的合理费用，以及对于未修理损坏所引起的合理贬值的赔偿，但是赔款总额不得超过按上述方法计算的修理全部损坏的费用。
(3)
未对船舶进行修理，且在保险期间未以其受损状态出售该船舶的，被保险人有权就未经修理的损坏所引起的合理贬值获得赔偿，但是赔偿数额不得超过按上述方法计算的修理此项损坏的合理费用。
第70条 运费的部分损失（Partial loss of freight）
70．Subject to any express provision in the policy, where there is a
partial loss of freight, the measure of indemnity is such proportion of the
sum fixed by the policy, in the case of a valued policy or of the insurable
value, in the case of an unvalued policy, as the proportion of freight lost
by the assured bears to the whole freight at the risk of the assured under
the policy.
70．受本保险任何明示规定的制约，在发生, 运费部分损失之场合，赔偿限额为：对定值保险单而言，按保险单上载明的保险金额或保险价值的比例；就不定值保险单而论，按被保险人遭受的运费损失与根据保险单被保险人处于风险中的全部运费比例。
第71条 货物、商品等的部分损失（Partial loss of goods, merchandise,
etc.）
71. Where is a partial loss of goods, merchandise, or other moveables,
the measure of indemnity, subject to any express provision in the policy, is
as follows:
（1）Where part of the goods, merchandise or other moveables insured by
a valued policy is totally lost, the measure of indemnity is such proportion
of the sum fixed by the policy as the insurable value of the part lost bears
to the insurable value of the whole, ascertained as in the case of an
unvalued policy:
(2) Where part of the goods, merchandise, or other moveables insured by
an unvalued policy is totally lost, the measure of indemnity is the
insurable value of the part lost, ascertained as in case of total loss:
(3) Where the whole or any part of the goods or merchandise insured has
been delivered damaged at its destination, the measure of indemnity is such
proportion of the sum fixed by the policy in the case of the valued policy,
or of the insurable value in the case of an unvalued policy, as the
difference between the gross sound and damaged values at the place of
arrival bears to the gross sound value:
(4)“Gross value” means the wholesale price, or, if there be no such
price, the estimated value, with, in either case, freight, landing charges,
and duty paid beforehand; provided that, in the case of goods or merchandise
customarily sold in bond, the bonded price is deemed to be the gross value.
“Gross Proceeds” means the actual price obtained at a sale where all
charges on sale are paid by the sellers.
71.货物、商品或者其他动产发生部分损失的，除保险单另有明文规定外，赔偿范围如下：
(1)
如果定值保险单承保的货物、商品或者其他动产的一部分发生全损，赔偿范围为保险单确定的保险金额中的比例部分，该比例为灭失部分的可保价值占全部可保价值的比例部分。可保价值的确定与不定值保险相同；
(3)
若不定值保险单承保的货物、商品或者其他动产的一部分发生全损，赔偿范围为损失部分的可保价值，可保价值的确定与全损时相同；
(4)
如果被保险货物或商品的全部或者一部分以受损状态运抵目的地，赔偿范围以(该货物、商品的)
完好毛值与受损价值的差额占完好毛值的比例计算，在定值保险单情况下，是保险单确定的金额的该比例部分，或者，在不定值保险单情况下，是可保价值的该比例部分；
(5)
“毛 值”是指货物的批发价格，如果没有这种价格，则是货物的估计价值，不论哪一种情况，再加上已预先付讫的运费、卸货费和关税之后的价值；但是，如果货物或商 品按惯例在关仓出售，那么关仓价格就视为毛值。“毛收入”是指所有出售费用均由出售人支付时获得的实际出售价格。”
第72条 价值的分配（Apportionment of valuation）
(1) Where different species of property are insured under a single
valuation, the valuation must be apportioned over the different species on
proportion to their respective insurable values, as in the case of an
unvalued policy The insured value of any part of a species in such
proportion of the total insured value of the same as the insurable value of
the part bears to the insurable value of the whole, ascertained in both
cases as provided by this Act.
(2) Where a valuation has to be apportioned, and particulars of the
prime cost of each separate species, quality, or description of goods cannot
be ascertained, the division of the valuation may be made the net arrived
sound values of the different species, qualities, or description of goods.
72． （1）在不同种类的货物按一个保险价值保险之场合，该价值必须根据不同货物本身的保险价值的比例进行分配，如同不定值保险单的情况一样。一种货物的任何部 分保险价值是该货物全部保险价值中占该部分货物价值同全部保险价值的比例部分。两种情况下保险价值均按本法规定确定。
（2）在某个价值不得不分配，但又不能确定货物的每个单独种类的原始成本、质量或细节之情况下，可以根据不同种类、质量或细节的货物的到港完好净值进行划分。
第73条 共同海损分摊和救助费用（General average contributions and salvage
charges）
73（1）Subject to any express provision in the policy, where the assured
has paid, or is liable for, any general average contribution, the measure of
indemnity is the full amount of such contribution, if the subject matter
liable to contribution is insured for its full contributory value; but, if
such subject-matter be not insured for its full contributory value, or if
only part of it be insured, the indemnity payable by the insurer must be
reduced in proportion to the under insurance, and where there has been a
particular average loss which constitutes a deduction from the contributory
value, and for which the insurer is liable, that amount must be deducted
from the insured value in order to ascertain what the insurer is liable to
contribute.
（2）Where the insurer is liable for salvage charges the extent of his
liability must be determined on the like principle.
（1） 除保单另有规定外，如果被保险人已经给付或有责任给付任何共同海损分摊，其赔偿限额为：如果负责分摊的标的物是按分摊价值足额投保的话，应按共同海损分摊 全额赔付；如果该标的物未按分摊价值足额投保或只投保了一部分，保险人应支付的赔偿额必须按不足额保险比例减少，而且如果发生了应从分摊价值内扣掉的单独 海损损失，且保险人对此负有赔偿责任，则应从保险价值中先予扣除，以便确定保险人应承担的分摊额。
(2) 在保险人应负责救助费用的情况下，其责任范围必须按相似的原则确定。
第74条 对第三方的责任（Liabilities to third parties）
74．Where the assured has effected an insurance in express terms against
any liability to a third party, the measure of indemnify, subject to any
express provision in the policy, is the amount paid or payable by him to
such third party in respect of such liability.
74．被保险人已通过明示条款对第三方的任何责任进行投保，根据保险单上明示条款的规定，获得补偿的数额是其就这一责任向第三方支付或应支付的数额。
第75条 关于赔偿限额的一般规定（General provisions as to measure of
indemnity）
75（1）Where there has been a loss in respect of any subject-matter not
expressly provided for in the foregoing provisions of the Act, the measure
of indemnity shall be ascertained, as nearly as may be, in accidence with
those provisions, in so far as applicable to the particular case.
（2） Nothing in the provisions of this Act relating to the measure of
indemnity shall affect the rules relating to double insurance, or prohibit
the insurer from disproving interest wholly or in part, or from showing that
at the time of the loss the whole or any part of the subject-matter insured
was not at risk under the policy.
75.（1）本法前文未予明文规定的保险标的发生损失的，应当依据与该具体情形的适用最相近似的条款来确定赔偿范围。
(2) 本法有关计算方法的规定，
对有关重复保险的规则没有任何影响，并且不阻止保险人全部或部分否定利益的存在，不阻止保险人表明在发生损失时，保险标的的全部或一部分并不处于保险单项下所列的危险之中。
第76条 单独海损保证（Particular average warranties）
76. (1) Where the subject-matter insured is warranted free from
particular average, the assured cannot recover for a loss of part, other
than a loss incurred by a general average sacrifice, unless the contract
contained in the policy be apportionable; but, if the contract be
apportionable, the assured may recover for a total loss of any apportionable
part.
(2) Where the subject-matter insured is warranted free from particular
average, either wholly or under a certain percentage, the insurer is
nevertheless liable for salvage charges, and for particular charges and
other expenses properly incurred pursuant to the provisions of the suing and
labouring clause in order to avert a loss insured against.
(3) Unless the policy otherwise provides, where the subject-matter
insured is warranted free from particular average under a specified
percentage, a general average loss cannot be added to a particular average
loss to make up the specified percentage.
(4) For the purpose of ascertaining whether the specified percentage has
been reached, regard shall be had only to the actual loss suffered by the
subject-matter insured. Particular charges and the expenses of and
incidental to ascertaining and proving the loss must be excluded.
76（1）如果保险标的按不赔单独海损条款投保，除非保险合同是可分割的，被保险人所遭受的部分损失不能获得赔偿，但属共同海损牺牲的损失可获赔偿；若保险合同是可分割的，被保险人就任何可分割部分的全损可获赔偿。
（2）假如保险标的按不赔单独海损条款投保，无论是全部单损还是一定比例以下的不赔单独海损，保险人都承担救助费用和根据施救条款为避免可保损失而合理发生的特殊费用和其他费用。
（3）若保险标的按一定比例以下的不赔单独海损条款投保，共同海损损失不得加入单独海损中以求达到该规定比例，除非保险单另有约定。
（4）确定规定的单独海损比例是否达到时，只应考虑保险标的遭受的实际损失，特别费用和有关确定、证明损失的费用必须排除。
第77条 连续损失（Successive losses）
77.（1）Unless the policy otherwise provides, and subject to the
provisions of this Act, the insurer is liable for successive losses, even
though the total amount of such losses may exceed the sum insured.
（2）Where under the same policy, a partial loss, which has not been
repaired or otherwise made good, is followed by a total loss, the assured
can only recover in respect of the total loss:
Provided that nothing in this section shall affect the liability of the
insurer under the suing and labouring clause.”
77.（1）除保险单和本法另有规定外，保险人应对连续损失负责，即使这些损失的总额会超过保险金额。
（2）在同一保险单项下，部分损失未经修理或以其它方式回复，接着又发生全损的，被保险人只能就该全损获得赔偿：
但是，本款规定不应影响保险人根据施救条款所承担的责任。
第78条 施救条款（Suing and labouring clause）
78.(1）Where the policy contains a suing and labouring clause, the
engagement thereby entered into is deemed to be supplementary to the
contract of insurance, and the assured may recover from the insurer any
expenses properly incurred pursuant to the clause, notwithstanding that the
insurer may have paid for a total loss, or that the subject matter may have
been warranted free from particular average, either wholly or under a
certain percentage.
（2）General average losses and contributions and salvage charges, as
defined by this Act, are not recoverable under the suing and labouring
clause.
（3）Expenses incurred for the purpose of averting or diminishing any
loss not covered by the policy are not recoverable under the suing and
labouring clause.
（4）It is the duty of the assured and his agents, in all cases, to take
such measures as may be reasonable for the purpose of averting or minimizing
a loss.
78.(1)若保险合同中含有施救条款，则该项约定应视为对保险合同的补充。被保险人得因履行该条款所产生的一切合理费用，向保险人请求赔偿，即使保险人已经赔付全损，或者该保险标的已经订明单独海损之全部或一定的百分比以下不赔，亦不影响该项费用之赔偿。
(2)本法规定之共同海损损害及其分摊，或救助费用，均不得依据施救条款之规定获得赔偿。
(3)为避免或减少承保范围以外的损失所产生的费用，也不得依据施救条款之规定获得赔偿。
（4）被保险人或其代理人在任何情形下，均应采取一切合理措施防止或减少损失。
理赔后保险人的权利（Rights of Insurer on Payment）
第79条 代位权（Right of subrogation）
79.(1) Where the insurer pays for a total loss, either of the whole, or
in the case of goods of any apportionable part, of the subject-matter
insured, he thereupon becomes entitled to take over the interest of the
assured in whatever may remain of the subject-matter so paid for, and he is
thereby subrogated to all the fights and remedies of the assured in and in
respect of that subject-matter as from the time of the casualty.
(2) subject to the foregoing provisions, where the insurer pays for a
partial loss, he acquires no title to the subject-matter insured, or such
part of it as may remain, but he is thereupon subrogated to all rights and
remedies of the assured in and in respect of the subject-matter insured as
from the time of the casualty causing the loss, in so far as the assured has
been indemnified, according to this Act, by such payment for the loss.
79. (1) 保险人赔付保险标的全损之后，
不论赔付的是整体全损，还是货物的可分割部分的全损，均有权接管被保险人在该已赔付保险标的上可能留下的任何利益，并从造成保险标的损失的事故发生之时起，取得被保险人在该保险标的上的一切权利和救济。
(2)受前述各条款制约，在保险人赔偿部分损失之场合，他并不取得该项保险标的或其存留部分的所有权，但是，根据本法，通过赔付此种损失，自造成损失的事故发生之时起，保险人代位取得被保险人对保险标的的一切权利和救济，但以被保险人已获赔偿额为限。”
第80条 分摊的权利（Right of contribution）
80.(1) Where the assured is over-insured by double insurance, such
insurer is bound, as between himself and the other insurers, to contribute
ratably to the loss in proportion to the amount for which he is liable under
his contract.
(2) If any insurer pays more than his proportion of the loss, he is
entitled to maintain an action for contribution against the other insurers,
and is entitled to the like remedies as a surety who has paid more than his
proportion of the debt.
80.(1)
在被保险人因重复保险而造成超额保险之场合，各保险人相互之间有义务按其合同负责的数额比例分摊损失。
（2）任何保险人如已赔付了超过其应摊比例的损失，有权向其他保险人追偿摊回，并有权像已支付超过其债务比例的保证人那样，取得同样的救济。
第81条 不足额保险的后果（Effect of under-insurance）
81.Where the assured is insured for an amount less than the insurable
value or, in the case of a valued policy, for an amount less than the policy
valuation, he is deemed to be his own insurer in respect of the uninsured
balance.
81.在本保险投保金额少于其可保价值，或在定值保险单中，投保的金额少于保险单价值之场合，就有关该未保险余额，他应视为是他自已的保险人。
保险费的退费（Return of Premium）
第82条 退费（Enforcement of return）
82.Where the premium, or a proportionate part thereof is, by this Act,
declared to be returnable,-
(a) If already paid, it may be recovered by the assured from the
insurer; and
(b) If unpaid, it may be retained by the assured or his agent.
82．凡根据本法规定，已申明的保险费或保险费的一个比例部分可以退还：
(a) 如果保险费已经缴付，可由被保险人向保险人追回；
(b) 假如未缴付保险费，被保险人或其代理人可以保留之。
第83条 约定退费（Return by agreement）
83.Where the policy contains a stipulation for the return of the
premium, or a proportionate part thereof, on the happening of a certain
event, and that event happens, the premium, or, as the case may be, the
proportionate part thereof, is thereupon returnable to the assured.
83．在保险单中有发生某一事件时退还保险费或部分保险费的规定之情况下，当发生该事件时，保险费或保险费的比例部分，由保险人退还给被保险人。
第84条 缺乏对价的退费（Return for failure of consideration）
84.(1) Where the consideration for the payment of the premium totally
fails, and there has been no fraud or illegality on the part of the assure
or his agents, the premium is thereupon returnable to the assured.
(2) Where the consideration for the payment of the premium is
apportionable and there is a total failure of any apportionable part of the
consideration, a proportionate part of the premium is, under the like
conditions, thereupon returnable to the assured.
（3）In particular-
(a) Where the policy is void, or is avoided by the insurer as from the
commencement of the risk, the premium is returnable, provided that there has
been no fraud or illegality on the part of the assured; but if the risk is
not apportionable, and has once attached, the premium is not returnable.
(b) Where the subject-matter insured, or part thereof, has never been
imperiled, the premium, or, as the case may be, a proportionate part
thereof, is returnable;
Provided that where the subject-matter has been insured “lost or not
lost” and has arrived in safety at the time when the contract is concluded,
the premium is not returnable unless, at such time, the insurer knew of the
safe arrival.
(c) Where the assured has no insurable interest throughout the currency
of the risk, the premium is returnable, proviede that this rule does not
apply to a policy effected by way of gaming or wagering;
(d) Where the assured has a defeasible interest which is terminated
during the currency of the risk, the premium is not returnable;
(e) Where the assured has over-insured under an unvalued policy, a
proportionate part of the premium is returnable;
(f) Subject to the foregoing provisions, where the assured has
over-insured by double insurance, a proportionate part of the several
premiums is returnable;
Provided that, if the policy are effected at different times, and any
earlier policy has at any time borne the entire risk, or if a claim has been
paid on the policy in respect of the full sum insured thereby, no premium is
returnable in respect of that policy, and when the double insurance is
effected knowingly by the assured no premium is returnable.
84.（1）在支付保险费所考虑的对价完全缺乏，且被保险人及其代理人不存在任何欺诈和非法行为的情况下，保险费得退还被保险人。
（2）在支付保险费所考虑的对价可以分割，且有任何可分割部分完全缺乏之场合，该比例部分的保险费得根据相同条件退还被保险人。
(3) 特别是：
(a)
如果被保险人不存在欺诈或非法行为，在保险人宣布自风险开始起，保险单无效或撤销保险单，保险费应予退回；
但若该风险是不可分割的，一旦保险责任已开始，则保险费不得退回。
(b)
如果保险标的或其他部分从未处于危险之中，保险费或该比例部分的保险费便可退回；
但是，如果保险标的是按“无论是否已灭失”条件保险，且当合同订立时该条保险标的已经安全到达，保险费亦不得退回，除非订立合同时，保险人已知道其业已安全到达。
(c)
如果在整个风险存在期间，被保险人无保险利益，保险费可予退回，但这一规则对赌博性保险单不适用。
(d) 如果被保险人的可撤销的利益于风险存在期间终止，则保险费不能退回。
(e) 如被保险人不定值保险单中超额保险，保险费得按比例退还一部分。
(f)
除前述条款另有规定外，若被保险人经重复保险而超额保险，几笔保险费按比例退还。
但是，如果几份保险单在不同时间开始生效，任何较早订立的保险单已在任何时间承保整个保险，或保险单已就全部保险金额支付赔偿，该保险单项下的保险费不能退回；若被保险人在明知的情况下订立重复保险，保险费不予退还。
相互保险（Mutual Insurance）
第85条 相互保险情况下本法的修改（Modification of Act in case of mutual
insurance）
(1) Where two or more persons mutually agree to insure each other
against marine losses there is said to be a mutual insurance.
(2) The provisions of this Act relating to the premium do not apply to
mutual insurance, but a guarantee, or such other arrangement as may be
agreed upon, may be substituted for the premium.
(3) The provisions of this Act, in so far as they may be modified by the
agreement of the parties, may in the case of mutual insurance be modified by
the terms of the polices issued by the association, or by the rules and
regulations of the association.
(4) Subject to the exceptions mentioned in this section, the provision
of this Act apply to a mutual insurance.
85. (1) 两人或两人以上彼此同意互相承保海上损失，称为相互保险。
（2）本法有关保险费的各项规定，不适用于相互保险，各方达成的担保或其他类似安排可以替代保险费。
（3）本法的各项规定，在可由各方协议修改的范围内，在适用于相互保险时，可由保赔协会签发的保险单的条件或协会的规则和章程加以修改。
（4）除本条所提及的例外，本法的各项规定适用于相互保险。
补充条款（Supplemental）
第86条 被保险人的认可（Ratification by assured）
86.Where a contract of marine insurance is in good faith effected by on
e person on behalf of another, the person on whose behalf it is effected may
rarity the contract even after he is aware of a loss.
86．若某人代表他人善意签定海上保险合同，即使在该被代表订立合同之人知晓损失之后，仍可以追认该合同。
第87条 由协议或习惯改变的默示义务（Implied obligations varied by
agreement or usage）
(1) Where any right, duty, or liability would arise under a contract of
marine insurance by implication of law, it may be negatived or varied by
express agreement, or by usage, if the usage by such as to bind both parties
to the contract.
(2) The provisions of this section extend to any right, duty, or
liability declared by this Act which may be lawfully modified by agreement.
87．（1）海上保险合同因法律的默示而产生的权利、义务或责任，均可通过双方明文协议或依据双方都能接受并受其约束的习惯否定或修改之。
（2）本条各项规定，可以扩大到本法规定的经协议合法修改的任何权利、义务或责任。
第88条 合理的时间等属于事实问题（Reasonable time, etc., a question of
fact）
88.Where by this Act any reference is made to reasonable time,
reasonable premium, or reasonable diligence, the question what is reasonable
is a question of fact.
88．在本法提及的任何有关合理时间，合理保险费，或合理谨慎之场合，何谓合理属于事实问题。
第89条 承保条作为证据（Slip as evidence）
89.Where there is a duly stamped policy, reference may be made, as
heretofore, to the slip or covering note, in any legal proceeding.
89．在保险单有义务贴足印花之情况下，满足印花要求的承保条或承保通知书在法律诉讼中均得作为证据。
第90条 术语解释（Interpretation of terms）
90.In this Act, unless the context or subject-matter otherwise
requires,-
“Action” includes counterclaim and set-off;
“Freight” includes the profit derivable by a shipowner from the
employment of his ship to carry his own goods or movables, as well as
freight payable by a third party, but does not include passage money;
“Movables” means any movable tangible property, other than the ship,
and includes money, valuable securities, and other documents;
“Policy” means a marine Policy.
90．在本法中除非上下文或所述问题另有要求，
“诉讼”包括反诉和抵销
“运费”包括船东使用自已的船舶运送自已的货物或动产获取的利润，以及由第三者支付的运费，但不包括客票价款。
“动产”指除船舶之外的任何可移动的有形财产，包括货币、有价证券及其他单证。
“保险单”指海上保险单。
第91条 保留 （Savings）
91.(1) Nothing in this Act, or in any repeal effected thereby, shall
affect-
(a) The provisions of the Stamp Act, 1891, or any enactment for the time
being in force relation to the revenue;
(b) The provisions of the Companies Act, 1862, or any enactment amending
or substituted for the same;
(c) The provisions of any statute not expressly repealed by this Act.
(2) The rules of the common law including the law merchant, save in so
far as they are inconsistent with the express provisions of this Act, shall
continue to apply to contracts of marine insurance.
91．（1）本法或任何已废除的条文不影响：
(a) 1891年《印花税法》或任何有关税收的现行法规；
(b) 1862年《公司法》或任何对其修订或替代的法规；
(c) 本法未明文废除的任何法规条文。
(2) 普通法包括商法除非与本法明文规定相悖，得继续适用于海上保险合同。
第92条 废止（Repeals）
92.The enactment mentioned in the Second Schedule of this Act are hereby
repealed to the extent specified in that schedule.
92．本法附件2列举的各项法律规定，按该附件所确定的范围予以废除。
第93条 生效（Commencement）
93.This Act shall come into operation on the first day of January one
thousand nine hundred and seven.
93．本法自1907年1月1日起生效。
第94条 简称（Short title）
94.This Act may be cited as the Marine Insurance Act, 1906.
94．本法得引述为1906年《海上保险法》。
附件1
Rules for Construction of Policy
保险单解释规则
The following are the rules referred to by this Act for the construction
of a policy in the above or other like form, where the context does not
otherwise require:
下列各条是本法的条文未另行涉及的关于上述或其他其他类似格式保险单的解释规则：
Lost or not lost
1. Where the subject-matter is insured “lost or not lost”, and the
loss has occurred before the contract is concluded, the risk attaches
unless, at such time the assured was aware of the loss, and the insurer was
not.
第1条
在标的按“无论损失与否”条件投保，且在订立合同之前已发生损失之场合，除非被保险人在当时已知晓该损失，而保险人不知情，保险合同仍然有效。
Form
2. Where the subject-matter is insured “from” a particular place, the
risk does not attach until the ship starts on the voyage insured.
第2条
在标的按“从”某一特定地点投保之情况下，在船舶从保险航程启航之时，保险方始生效。
At and from
3.(a) Where a ship is insured “ at and from” a particular place, and
she is at that place in goods safety when the contract is concluded, the
risk attaches immediately.
(b) If she be not at that place when the contract is concluded the risk
attaches as soon as she arrives there in goods safety, and, unless the
policy otherwise provides, it is immaterial that she is covered by another
policy for a specified time after arrival.
(c) Where chartered freight is insured “ at and from” a particular
place, and the ship is at that place in good safety when the contract is
concluded the risk attaches immediately. If she be not there when the
contract is concluded, the risk attaches as soon as she arrives there in
goods safety.
(d) Where freight, other than chartered freight, is payable without
special conditions and is insured “at and from” a particular place, the
risk attaches pro rata as the goods or merchandise are shipped; provided
that if there be cargo in readiness which belongs to the shipowner, or which
some other person has contracted with him to ship, the risk attaches as soon
as the ship is ready to receive such cargo.
第3条 (a)
在船舶按“在和从”某一特定地点投保，且当合同订立时船舶已安全停泊于该地之情况下，保险立即生效。
(b)
如果当合同订立时船舶不在该地，一矣船舶安全抵达该地，本保险即刻生效。除非保险单另有规定，船舶抵达后对某一特定期间由另一保险单承保无关紧要。
(c)
在租船货运按“在和从”某一特定地点承保，且当合同订立时船舶已安全停泊于该地之场合，保险立即生效；如果合同订立时船舶不在该地，一旦船舶安全抵达该地，本保险即刻生效。
(d)
在除了租船货运以外的其他船舶无任何特殊支付条件按“在和从”某一特定地点承保之情况下，保险得按装运的货物或商品的比例生效；假如属船东所有的货物，或其他人已与船东缔约运载该货物已备妥，则一矣船舶作好装货准备，本保险即生效。
From the loading thereof
4. Where goods or other movables are insured “ from the loading
thereof”, the risk does not attach until such goods or movables are
actually on board, and the insurer is not liable for them while in transit
from the shore to the ship.
第4条
在货物或其他动产按“从装船起”承保之场合，在此种货物或动产实际装船以前保险并不生效；保险人对其从岸上运至船舶期间不承担保险责任。
Safely landed
5.Where the risk on goods or other movables continues until they are
“safely landed”, they must be landed in the customary manner and within a
reasonable time after arrival at the port of discharge, and if they are not
so landed the risk ceases.
第5条
在货物或其他动产的风险继续至“安全地卸下”为止之情况下，标的必须按习惯方式并在抵达卸货港的合理时间内卸载，否则本保险即行终止。
Touch and stay
6. In the absence of any further licence or usage, the liberty to touch
and stay “at any port or place whatsoever” dose not authorize the ship to
depart from the course of her voyage from the port of departure to the port
of destination.
第6条
若无任何进一步授权或习惯，有关停靠和停留于“任何港口或地点”的自由，并不授权船舶背离自启航港至目的港的航线。
7 .The term ‘perils of the seas’ refers only to fortuitous accident or
casualties of the seas. It does not include the ordinary action of the wind
and waves.
第7条 “海上危险”术语仅涉及海上意外事故或灾难。它不包括风浪的通常作用。
8. The term “Pirates” includes passengers who mutiny and rioters who
attack the ship from the shore.
第8条 “海盗”术语包括叛乱的乘客和自岸上攻击船舶的暴徒。
Thieves
9.The term “thieves” does not cover clandestine theft or a theft
committed by any one of the ship’s company, whether crew or passengers.
第9条
“盗窃”术语不包括秘密偷窃或来自船舶内部人员无论是船员或者乘客的偷窃。
Restraint of princes
10.The term “arrest, restraint of kings, princes, and people” refers
to political or executive acts, and does not include a loss caused by riot
or by ordinary judicial process.
第10条
“国王、君主和人民的扣押、管制等”术语是指政治的或行政的行为，不包括暴动或普通司法程序所造成的损失。
Barratry
11. The term “barratry” includes every wrongful act willfully
committed by the master or crew to the prejudice of the owner, or, as the
case may be, the charterer.
第11条
“欺诈恶行”术语指船长或船员的各种损害船东或租船人利益的故意不法行为。
All other perils
12. The term “all other perils” includes only perils similar in kind
to the perils specifically mentioned in the policy.
第12条 “所有其他危险”术语仅包括与本保险列举的特定危险相类似的危险。
Average unless general
13.The term “average unless general” means a partial loss of the
subject-matter insured other than a general average loss, and does not
include. “ particular charges.”
第13条
“海损险非共同海损”指除了共同海损以外的保险标的的部分损失，其不包括“特殊费用”。
Stranded
14. Where the ship has stranded the insurer is liable for the excepted
losses, although the loss is not attributable to the stranding, provided
that when the stranding takes place the risk has attached, and, if the
policy be on goods, that the damaged goods are on board.
第14条
在船舶搁浅之场合，保险人应对例外损失负赔偿之责，尽管该损失并不能归因于该搁浅，假如当搁浅发生时保险已生效，且若是货物保险单，该损失的货物已装上船。
Ship
15. The term “ship” includes the hull, materials and outfit, stores
and provisions for the officers and crew, and, in the case of vessels
engaged in a special trade, the ordinary fittings requisite for the trade,
and also, in the case of a steamship, the machinery, boilers, and coals and
engine stores, if owned by the assured.
第15条
“船舶”术语包括船壳、材料和设备、高级船员和船员的给养，且若船舶受雇于特别运输，包括该特别运输所需的通常要求的装置，如果是汽船，包括属于船东所有的机器、锅炉、及煤和机舱贮备。
Freight
16. The term “freight” includes the profit derivable by a shipowner
from the employment of his ship to carry his own goods or movables, as well
as freight payable by a third party, but does not include passage money.
第16条
“运费”术语包括船东使用其船舶运载自已的货物或动产获得的利润，及由第三者支付的运费，但不包括乘客票款。
Goods
17.The term “goods” means goods in the nature of merchandise, and does
not include personal effects or provisions and stores for use on board.
In the absence of any usage to the contrary, deck cargo and living
animals must be insured specifically, and not under the general denomination
of goods.
第17条
“货物”术语是指具有商品性质的货品，不包括个人财物或船上供应品和储备品。
若无任何相反的习惯，甲板货和活牲畜必须特别投保，而不能按货物一般分类投保。
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