巴西大豆丰收—船东的隐忧
大豆丰收对于巴西农民和出口商来说可能是个好消息，但由于仓储设施和分销网络超出其自身极限，低质量货物被装运上船的风险逐渐增加。
巴西基础设施建设落后于产量增加对于基础设施的要求。 筒仓和仓库储存空间短缺，导致生产商将其收获的谷物储存在没有保护措施的室外。 这就使得农作物面临湿损和虫害的双重风险。
此外，当粮食被储存在筒仓或仓库时，通常做法是对粮食进行干燥处理，以保持粮食质量和适销性。 而粮食大丰收则可能意味着等待出口的谷物可能不会得到干燥处理。
近年来，北英保赔协会处理了大量从巴西运往中国的大豆货物索赔。货损通常源于货物自热特性。 在巴西装载的大豆通常具有很高的水分含量和装载温度。这意味着，霉菌可能是在航行过程中就形成，而非船舶缺陷导致。
如果由于缺乏干燥处理以及无保护储存而使得货物水分含量升高，货物航行中的自热风险可能会进一步增加。
从巴西装载谷物（特别是大豆）的船东和船员应保持警惕。 仔细检查托运人文件，注意水分含量以及装载温度。
在航行过程中，船方需对通风情况进行准确和完整的记录。即使通风可能无法有效防止舱内货损进一步加深，但在对货物损坏索赔进行抗辩时，这些证据仍然是至关重要的。
北英保赔协会发布了一个关于大豆货物运输的防损简报： https://www.nepia.com/publications/soya-beans-cargo-damage-claims-in-china-briefing/
船员应该也会认为这个谷物货物装载检查清单很有帮助: https://www.nepia.com/publications/cargo-care-checklist-grain/
感谢Kuhlmann Surveyors & Consultants。
通函内容，请以英文原文为准，汉语翻译仅供参考。 如您对上述内容有任何疑问，新乔十分乐意为您解答并提供帮助。
BUMPER BRAZILIAN HARVESTS COULD MEAN SOYA BEAN SORROW FOR SHIPOWNERS
Improved soya bean harvests might be good news for Brazilian farmers and exporters, but with storage facilities and distribution networks stretched past their limits, there is an increased risk of poor-quality cargo being loaded on vessels.
The Brazilian infrastructure has not matched the pace of the production growth. The lack of storage space in silos and warehouses has led to producers storing their harvested grains outside where it is unprotected. This puts the crops at risk of both wet damage and infestation.
Furthermore, when stored in silos or warehouses, it is common practice for grains to undergo a drying process which maintains the quality and marketability of the grains. The bumper harvests may mean that grains set for export may not undergo this process.
Over recent years, North has handled numerous soya bean claims for cargoes carried from Brazil to China. Damage usually stems from the cargo’s tendency to self-heat. Soya beans loaded in Brazil often have high moisture content and load temperature. This means it is likely that mould may form during the voyage through no fault of the vessel.
If the moisture levels of these cargoes are raised even higher through lack of drying and unprotected storage, this is likely to further increase the risk of self-heating during the voyage.
Shipowners and ships’ crews loading grain cargoes – particularly soya bean – from Brazil should remain vigilant. Check the shipper’s documentation closely, paying attention to the moisture content and the loading temperature.
During the voyage, maintain accurate and full ventilation logs. These can prove vital when defending a claim for cargo damage at out-turn, even though ventilation may not be effective to prevent damage deeper within the stow.
North has produced a loss prevention briefing on the carriage of soya bean cargoes: https://www.nepia.com/publications/soya-beans-cargo-damage-claims-in-china-briefing/
Crew may also find useful this quick reference checklist for loading grain cargoes: https://www.nepia.com/publications/cargo-care-checklist-grain/ 。
Our thanks to Kuhlmann Surveyors & Consultants
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