澳大利亚虫害预防--褐翅椿象（BMSB）
来源: The Gard P&I Club @ 2018.07.19
上海新乔导读：为防止褐翅椿象（BMSB）虫害，澳大利亚当局从2018年9月1日起至2019年4月30日止加强对于驶自美国、日本和某些欧洲国家的抵港船舶的监管。根据船舶货物类型和昆虫隐藏在货物内的可能性，船舶可能需要在进入澳大利亚港口之前在海上进行强制性处理。新西兰和智利也采取类似的虫害管控措施。有船舶从事澳大利亚、新西兰和智利贸易的会员和客户朋友应确保船长和船员熟悉并遵守在特定时间段内适用的BMSB季节性管理措施，对BMSB和其他外来昆虫保持警惕，仔细自查，如发现虫害要及时处理，并向目的地相关检疫机构报告船上的检测情况。
The Brown Marmorated Stink Bug (BMSB), or Halyomorpha halys, is an agricultural pest that feeds on, and can severely damage, fruit and vegetable crops. The pest has spread from its native range in East Asia to form established populations in North America and Europe but is not yet present or widely established in Australia. Like the Asian Gypsy Moth, the BMSB is considered a ‘hitchhiker pest’ that can spread via oceangoing vessels in international trade. When BMSB adults seek shelter from cold weather during the winter months, they tend to fid their way into shipping containers, vehicles, machinery and other types of cargo.
褐色理石纹路臭虫（BMSB）或褐翅椿象是一种农业害虫，以水果和蔬菜作物为食，并可严重破坏水果和蔬菜作物。该害虫已经从其东亚的本土范围扩散到北美和欧洲建立种群，但在澳大利亚还尚未广泛出现。与亚洲毒舞蛾一样，BMSB被认为是一种“搭便车害虫”，可以通过国际贸易中的远洋船只传播。当BMSB成虫在冬季寻求避寒处所时，它们往往会进入集装箱、车辆、机械以及其他类型的货物内。
If the BMSB were to establish and spread in Australia, it would be extremely difficult and expensive to manage, partly due to its broad host range. Preventing an incursion in the first place is therefore a high priority and every year the Australian government reviews the import restrictions in time for the BMSB risk season which begins in September. The Department of Agriculture and Water Resources has announced the following activities ahead of the 2018/2019 season:
如果BMSB在澳大利亚建立种群并传播，那么管理起来将非常困难和昂贵，其中部分原因是这种昆可宿领土范围较为广泛。因此，当前首要事项是预防害虫入侵，澳大利亚政府每年都会及时审查并启动从9月开始的BMSB风险高发季节期间对进口贸易的限制。澳大利亚农业和水资源部宣布了在2018/2019高发季开始之前将采取的行动如下：
Between 1 September 2018 and 30 April 2019, heightened surveillance activities will be implemented to monitor vessels arriving in Australia from the United States, Japan and certain European countries.
2018年9月1日至2019年4月30日期间，将加强监督，对驶自美国、日本和某些欧洲国家抵达澳大利亚的船舶进行监控。
Depending on the type cargo and the potential for insects to hide within the goods carried, vessels may need to undergo mandatory treatment offshore, e.g. by heat or fumigation, prior to being given entry into Australia.
根据船舶所载货物类型和昆虫隐藏在货物内的可能性，船舶可能需要在海上进行强制性处理，例如， 在进入澳大利亚港口之前，进行加热或熏蒸处理。
Vessel operators are referred to the Australian BMSB website for an overview of all current targeted risk countries and goods, as well as the applicable measures to be complied with. However, as of 19 July 2018:
船舶操作可以访问澳大利亚BMSB网站，了解所有当前目标风险国家和货物的概况，以及需要遵守的适用措施。 但是，截至2018年7月19日：
the list of ‘target risk countries’ includes: USA, Germany, France, Italy, Hungary, Greece, Romania, Georgia, Russia and Japan;
“目标风险国家”名单包括：美国、德国、法国、意大利、匈牙利、希腊、罗马尼亚、格鲁吉亚、俄罗斯和日本；
examples of ‘target high risk goods', i.e. goods that require mandatory offshore treatment, include: break bulk cargoes, such as vehicles and machinery, bricks, tiles, steel and other goods likely to be stored in a manner that provides access for BMSB to overwinter; and
“目标高风险货物”的例子，即需要在海上进行强制处理的货物，包括：杂货，例如车辆、机械设备、砖块、瓷砖、钢材以及其他可能为BMSB过冬提供生存空间的货物；以及
examples of ‘target risk goods’, i.e. goods that will require increased onshore intervention, include: chemical products, minerals, fertilisers, plastics, tyres and paper.
“目标风险货物”的例子，即需要增加陆上干预的货物，包括：化工产品、矿物、肥料、塑料、轮胎以及纸张。
Unwanted in New Zealand and Chile too 新西兰和智利也同样实行监测措施
It is worth noting that similar BMSB management measures also apply to vessels arriving in New Zealand and Chile. According to New Zealand’s Ministry for Primary Industries’ (MPI) website “Hitchhiker pests”, the BMSB is, in addition to Asian Gypsy Moth, a pests of major concern on arriving vessels. The MPI specifically requires new and used cars, trucks, machinery, boats and parts imported from the United States to be treated before being shipped to New Zealand. However, due to a spike in BMSB detections during the 2017/2018 season, additional management measures were implemented for goods arriving from Italy and for vehicles and machinery arriving from Japan as well. It should be expected that seasonal requirements will be expanded to imported goods from other BMSB risk countries also during the 2018/2019 season.
值得注意的是，类似的BMSB管理措施也适用于抵达新西兰和智利的船只。据新西兰初级产业部（MPI）网站“Hitchhike pests”称，除了亚洲毒舞蛾之外，抵港船舶上的BMSB也是引发担忧的主要虫害之一。新西兰MPI特别要求对从美国进口的新车和二手车、卡、机械、船只和零件在运往新西兰之前进行处理。然而，由于2017/2018害虫高发季被检测出的BMSB数量激增，对来自意大利的货物以及从日本运来的车辆和机械实施了额外管制措施。故可以预计，在2018/2019高发季期间这种季节性要求将会扩展实施至从其他BMSB风险国家进口的货物。
The Chilean Agriculture and Livestock Service (Servicio Agricola y Ganadero (SAG)) declared BMSB as a quarantine pest in 2011 and has since required control and fumigation of certain imported products, mainly coming from the United States. Following recent interceptions in shipments of used clothing, toys, shoes and vehicles, a new resolution (No. 971/2018) took effect on 10 February 2018 which requires fumigation of such goods arriving in Chile from the United States. For an overview of Chile’s actions to manage the BMSB risk (in English), click HERE.
智利农业和畜牧业局（SAG）于2011年宣布BMSB为检疫性有害生物，此后要求对某些主要来自美国的进口产品进行管控和熏蒸。 在最近截获了几起二手衣服、玩具、鞋子和车辆的运输之后，一项新的决议（第971/2018号）于2018年2月10日开始生效，此决议要求对从美国抵达智利的此类货物进行熏蒸。有关智利对于BMSB风险的管理办法（英文），请单击此处。
Recommendations建议
Members and clients with vessels trading to Australia, New Zealand and Chile should ensure that masters and crew are familiar with, and adhere to, the BMSB seasonal management measures applicable at any given time. Cleaning or treatment of goods/cargo in the country of origin may be required. It is also important that the all crew members continue to remain vigilant for BMSB and other exotic insects and report any onboard detections to the relevant quarantine authorities at the destination.
有船舶从事澳大利亚、新西兰和智利贸易的会员和客户应确保船长和船员熟悉并遵守在特定时间段内适用的BMSB季节性管理措施，当局可能会要求在原产国对相关商品/货物进行清洁或处理。同样重要的是，所有船员需要继续对BMSB和其他外来昆虫保持警惕，并向目的地相关检疫机构报告船上的检测情况。
Not sure if the insect onboard your vessels is a Brown Marmorated Stink Bug (BMSB)? Click HERE to find out.
如果不能确定您船上的昆虫是否是BMSB臭虫，请点击此处查证。
http://www.gard.no/web/updates/content/25892491/hitchhiking-bugs-can-cause-a-stink-in-australia
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